High-resolution X-ray Structures of Human Apoferritin H-chain Mutants Correlated with Their Activity and Metal-binding Sites
Abstract
Ferritins are a family of proteins distributed widely in nature. In bacterial, plant, and animal cells, ferritin appears to serve as a soluble, bioavailable, and non-toxic form of iron provider. Ferritins from animal sources are heteropolymers composed of two types of subunit, H and L, which differ mainly by the presence (H) or absence (L) of active ferroxidase centres. We report the crystallographic structures of four human H apoferritin variants at a resolution of up to 1.5 Angstrom. Crystal derivatives using Zn(II) as redox-stable alternative for Fe(II), allows us to characterize the different metal-binding sites. The ferroxidase centre, which is composed of sites A and B, binds metal with a preference for the A site. In addition, distinct Zn(II)-binding sites were found in the 3-fold axes, 4-fold axes and on the cavity surface near the ferroxidase centre. To study the importance of the distance of the two metal atoms in the ferroxidase centre, single and double replacement of glutamate 27 (site A) and glutamate 107 (site B), the two axial ligands, by aspartate residues have been carried out. The consequences for metal binding and the correlation with Fe(II) oxidation rates are discussed.
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This induction is regulated at the transcriptional level through an antioxidant-responsive element (ARE) in the 5′-region of ferritin genes.
“This is regulated at the transcriptional level through an antioxidant-responsive element (ARE) (265) (also termed electrophile responsive element) (95) in the 5′-region of ferritin genes (133, 301, 302).”
From Intracellular iron transport and storage: from molecular mechanisms to health implications (2008) · cites this paper as [301]
The human ferritin H ARE is a 55-bp bidirectional ARE composed of an AP-1-like and an AP-1/NF-E2 sequence located 4.5 kb upstream from the transcription start site.
“The human ferritin H ARE is a 55-bp bidirectional ARE composed of an AP-1-like and an AP-1/NF-E2 sequence located 4.5 kb upstream from the transcription start site (301).”
From Intracellular iron transport and storage: from molecular mechanisms to health implications (2008) · cites this paper as [301]
Nrf2 binds and activates the human ferritin H ARE.
“Nrf2 was shown to bind and activate the human ferritin H ARE (143, 301).”
From Intracellular iron transport and storage: from molecular mechanisms to health implications (2008) · cites this paper as [301]
Ferritin H is transcriptionally activated by JunD through an ARE in the ferritin H promoter in response to oxidative stressors including H2O2.
“Ferritin H was transcriptionally activated by JunD through an ARE in the ferritin H promoter in response to oxidative stressors, including H2O2 (301).”
From Intracellular iron transport and storage: from molecular mechanisms to health implications (2008) · cites this paper as [301]
Ferritin has a cytoprotective role against free-iron-catalyzed production of ROS.
“Many studies set a precedent of ferritin in cytoprotection against free-iron–catalyzed production of ROS (227, 243, 301).”
From Intracellular iron transport and storage: from molecular mechanisms to health implications (2008) · cites this paper as [301]
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“After single-particle reconstruction, Zn is found in a pattern that matches precisely its location at the ferroxidase sites determined previously by X-ray crystallography [2].”
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- Authors
- Toussaint, L., Bertrand, L., Hue, L., Crichton, R. R., & Declercq, J.-P.
- Affiliations
- UCLouvain (BE)
- de Duve Institute (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Crichton, Robert R.
- Venue
- Journal of Molecular Biology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 365
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 440-452
- ISSN
- 0022-2836 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1995803883
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Molecular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- ORBi (University of Liège) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Enzyme Structure and Function
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Inorganic Chemistry › Metal-Catalyzed Oxygenation Mechanisms
- Keywords
- apoferritin, human ferritin, metal binding sites, crystal structure, aspartate substitution, iron oxidation, iron storage protein, protein mutants
- MeSH terms
- Apoferritins, Binding Sites, Catalysis, Ceruloplasmin, Crystallization, Ferritins, Glycerol, Humans, Iron, Models, Molecular, Mutation, Structure-Activity Relationship, Zinc, Protein Structure, Secondary, Crystallography, X-Ray, Amino Acid Substitution, Protein Subunits
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