Cited by 235Gut microbiota and healthRuminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyMicrobial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology

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The Devil Lies in the Details: How Variations in Polysaccharide Fine-Structure Impact the Physiology and Evolution of Gut Microbes

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Martens, Eric C., Kelly, Amelia G., Tauzin, Alexandra S., Brumer, Harry·2014·Journal of Molecular Biology

DOI 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.06.022PMC PMC4252772

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Abstract

The critical importance of gastrointestinal microbes to digestion of dietary fiber in humans and other mammals has been appreciated for decades. Symbiotic microorganisms expand mammalian digestive physiology by providing an armament of diverse polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, which are largely absent in mammalian genomes. By out-sourcing this aspect of digestive physiology to our gut microbes, we maximize our ability to adapt to different carbohydrate nutrients on timescales as short as several hours due to the ability of the gut microbial community to rapidly alter its physiology from meal to meal. Because of their ability to pick up new traits by lateral gene transfer, our gut microbes also enable adaption over time periods as long as centuries and millennia by adjusting their gene content to reflect cultural dietary trends. Despite a vast amount of sequence-based insight into the metabolic potential of gut microbes, the specific mechanisms by which symbiotic gut microorganisms recognize and attack complex carbohydrates remain largely undefined. Here, we review the recent literature on this topic and posit that numerous, subtle variations in polysaccharides diversify the spectrum of available nutrient niches, each of which may be best filled by a subset of microorganisms that possess the corresponding proteins to recognize and degrade different carbohydrates. Understanding these relationships at precise mechanistic levels will be essential to obtain a complete understanding of the forces shaping gut microbial ecology and genomic evolution, as well as devising strategies to intentionally manipulate the composition and physiology of the gut microbial community to improve health.

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Authors: Martens, E. C., Kelly, A. G., Tauzin, A. S., & Brumer, H.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
University of British Columbia (CA)
Corresponding author: Martens, Eric C.
Brumer, Harry
ORCID: Martens, Eric C.
Kelly, Amelia G.
Brumer, Harry
Venue: Journal of Molecular Biology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-11
Volume: 426
Issue: 23
Pages: 3851-3865
ISSN: 0022-2836 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2014.06.022
PMC: PMC4252772
OpenAlex: W2031755183
Cited by: 235
References: 109
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 3
FWCI: 1.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Molecular Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM099513, GM099513)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK084214, K01DK084214)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
Keywords: gut microbiota, polysaccharide degradation, dietary fiber digestion, carbohydrate recognition, polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, horizontal gene transfer, microbial adaptation
MeSH terms: Bacteria, Diet, Humans, Polysaccharides, Gastrointestinal Tract, Microbiota

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The Devil Lies in the Details: How Variations in Polysaccharide Fine-Structure Impact the Physiology and Evolution of Gut Microbes

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