Cyber-physical systems architectures for industrial internet of things applications in Industry 4.0: A literature review

Abstract

Abstract The industrial scenario is undergoing exponential changes, mainly due to the different technologies that emerge quickly and the ever increasing demand. As a consequence, the number of processing devices and systems in the industries’ architectures is also increasing. Entities connectivity, physical/virtual joint functioning, interactivity, interoperability, self-organization, smart decision making, among other factors are fundamental to foster Industry 4.0 (I4.0) potential. We believe that Cyber Physical System (CPS) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) will have a major role in the emerging I4.0. In this context, researchers and experts from major factories are exploring these technologies in order to keep up with this digital transformation, developing IIoT systems and CPS architectures capable of connecting network devices from different information and communications technologies (ICT) systems, virtualizing the companies’ assets and integrating them with other manufacturing sectors and companies. This article performs a survey covering the main CPS architecture models available in the industrial environment, emphasizing their key characteristics and technologies, as well as the correlations among them, pointing objectives, advantages and contribution for the IIoT introduction in I4.0. It also provides a literature review covering projects from CPSs and IIoT point-of-view, identifying main technologies employed in current state-of-the-art and how they can meet the I4.0 key features of vertical and horizontal industrial integration. Finally, the article points requirements for current and future challenges, limitations, gaps and necessary changes in the CPS architectures in order to improve and introduce them in the I4.0 scenario.