An interferon-γ-producing Th1 subset is the major source of IL-17 in experimental autoimmune encephalitis

Suryani, Santi; Sutton, Ian

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.11.023

Cited by 92Multiple Sclerosis Research StudiesT-cell and B-cell ImmunologyPsoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis

An interferon-γ-producing Th1 subset is the major source of IL-17 in experimental autoimmune encephalitis

Suryani, Santi, Sutton, Ian·2007·Journal of Neuroimmunology

DOI 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.11.023

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

ThIL-17 (IL-17+/IFN-gamma-) cell lines are significantly more encephalitogenic than Th1 (IL-17-/IFN-gamma+) cell lines in adoptive transfer EAE models. In actively induced EAE short ex vivo peptide stimulation identifies an IL-17+/IFN-gamma+ population of CD4+ CNS-infiltrating MOG35-55-specific T cells, which outnumber IL-17+/IFN-gamma- cells by approximately 3:1 as disease develops. A decrease in numbers of IL-17+/IFN-gamma+ cells following in vitro culture is accompanied by an increase in IL-17-/IFN-gamma+ cell numbers. Together these ex vivo and in vitro observations imply that the Th1 lineage is more encephalitogenic than is suggested by adoptive transfer of Th1 (IL-17-/IFN-gamma+) cell lines which have been terminally differentiated in vitro.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.11.023

Cites

32 of 32 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

IL-17 promotes endothelial activation by inducing the expression of endothelial adhesion markers (E-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1) in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner.
“IL-17 promotes endothelial activation by inducing the expression of endothelial adhesion markers (E-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1) in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner.”
From Oral neutrophils are an independent marker of the systemic inflammatory response after cardiac bypass (2014) · cites this paper as [27]
This increased expression of adhesion molecules stimulates the trans-endothelial migration of neutrophils.
“This increased expression of adhesion molecules stimulates the trans-endothelial migration of neutrophils) [25-29].”
From Oral neutrophils are an independent marker of the systemic inflammatory response after cardiac bypass (2014) · cites this paper as [27]
IL-17, produced primarily by CD4+ Th17 cells, acts to enhance chemokine production by target cells in various tissues to promote/attract monocytes and neutrophils to those tissue (especially mucosal) sites, and in combination with sICAM suggests the predominance of a Th1 phenotypic response (acute pro-inflammatory state).
“IL-17, produced primarily by CD4+ Th17 cells, acts to enhance chemokine production by target cells in various tissues to promote/attract monocytes and neutrophils to those tissue (especially mucosal) sites, and in combination with sICAM suggests the predominance of a Th1 phenotypic response (acute pro-inflammatory state) [25-30].”
From Oral neutrophils are an independent marker of the systemic inflammatory response after cardiac bypass (2014) · cites this paper as [27]

Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells
Bettelli, E., Carrier, Y., Gao, W., Korn, T., Strom, T. B., Oukka, M., Weiner, H. L., & Kuchroo, V. K. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04753 · Cited by 6,992 · see citing works
Interleukin 17-producing CD4+ effector T cells develop via a lineage distinct from the T helper type 1 and 2 lineages
Harrington, L. E., Hatton, R. D., Mangan, P. R., Turner, H., Murphy, T. L., Murphy, K. M., & Weaver, C. T. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1254 · Cited by 4,742 · see citing works
A distinct lineage of CD4 T cells regulates tissue inflammation by producing interleukin 17
Park, H., Li, Z., Yang, X. O., Chang, S. H., Nurieva, R., Wang, Y.-H., Wang, Y., Hood, L., Zhu, Z., Tian, Q., et al. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1261 · Cited by 4,265 · see citing works
IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation
Langrish, C. L., Chen, Y., Blumenschein, W. M., Mattson, J., Basham, B., Sedgwick, J. D., McClanahan, T., Kastelein, R. A., & Cua, D. J. (2005) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20041257 · Cited by 4,099 · see citing works
TGFβ in the Context of an Inflammatory Cytokine Milieu Supports De Novo Differentiation of IL-17-Producing T Cells
Veldhoen, M., Hocking, R. J., Atkins, C. J., Locksley, R. M., & Stockinger, B. (2006) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2006.01.001 · Cited by 3,605 · see citing works
Transforming growth factor-β induces development of the TH17 lineage
Mangan, P. R., Harrington, L. E., O'Quinn, D. B., Helms, W. S., Bullard, D. C., Elson, C. O., Hatton, R. D., Wahl, S. M., Schoeb, T. R., & Weaver, C. T. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04754 · Cited by 3,087 · see citing works
Interleukin-23 rather than interleukin-12 is the critical cytokine for autoimmune inflammation of the brain
Cua, D. J., Sherlock, J., Chen, Y., Murphy, C. A., Joyce, B., Seymour, B., Lucian, L., To, W., Kwan, S., Churakova, T., et al. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01355 · Cited by 2,906 · see citing works
Novel p19 Protein Engages IL-12p40 to Form a Cytokine, IL-23, with Biological Activities Similar as Well as Distinct from IL-12
Oppmann, B., Lesley, R., Blom, B., Timans, J. C., Xu, Y., Hunte, B., Vega, F., Yu, N., Wang, J., Singh, K. P., et al. (2000) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)00070-4 · Cited by 2,819 · see citing works
Interleukin-23 Promotes a Distinct CD4 T Cell Activation State Characterized by the Production of Interleukin-17
Aggarwal, S., Ghilardi, N., Xie, M.-H., de Sauvage, F. J., & Gurney, A. L. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m207577200 · Cited by 1,848 · see citing works
Gene-microarray analysis of multiple sclerosis lesions yields new targets validated in autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Lock, C., Hermans, G., Pedotti, R., Brendolan, A., Schadt, E. E., Garren, H., Langer-Gould, A. M., Strober, S., Cannella, B., Allard, J. D., et al. (2002) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0502-500 · Cited by 1,659 · see citing works
IL-17 plays an important role in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Komiyama, Y., Nakae, S., Matsuki, T., Nambu, A., Ishigame, H., Kakuta, S., Sudo, K., & Iwakura, Y. (2006) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.177.1.566 · Cited by 1,536 · see citing works
Mice with a disrupted IFN-gamma gene are susceptible to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).
Ferber, I., Brocke, S., Taylor-Edwards, C., Ridgway, W., Dinisco, C., Steinman, L., Dalton, D., & Fathman, C. (1996) · Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.156.1.5 · Cited by 1,088 · see citing works
Exacerbations of multiple sclerosis in patients treated with gamma interferon
Panitch, H., Haley, A., Hirsch, R., & Johnson, K. (1987) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)92863-7 · Cited by 1,071 · see citing works
A crucial role for interleukin (IL)-1 in the induction of IL-17–producing T cells that mediate autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Sutton, C. E., Brereton, C. F., Keogh, B., Mills, K. H. G., & Lavelle, E. C. (2006) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20060285 · Cited by 1,009 · see citing works
IL-17 stimulates the production and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-beta and TNF-alpha, by human macrophages.
Jovanović, D., Battista, J. A. D., Pelletier, J., Jolicoeur, F. C., He, Y., Zhang, M., Mineau, F., & Martel‐Pelletier, J. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 973 · see citing works
Autoimmune T cells protect neurons from secondary degeneration after central nervous system axotomy
Moalem‐Taylor, G., Leibowitz‐Amit, R., Yoles, E., Mor, F., Cohen, I. R., & Schwartz, M. (1999) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/4734 · Cited by 882 · see citing works
IL-17 Stimulates the Production and Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines, IL-β and TNF-α, by Human Macrophages
Jovanović, D., Battista, J. A. D., Martel‐Pelletier, J., Jolicoeur, F. C., He, Y., Zhang, M., Mineau, F., & Pelletier, J. (1998) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.160.7.3513 · Cited by 867 · see citing works
Treatment of multiple sclerosis with gamma interferon
PANITCH, H. S., Hirsch, R. L., Schindler, J. D., & Johnson, K. P. (1987) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.37.7.1097 · Cited by 752 · see citing works
IFN-gamma plays a critical down-regulatory role in the induction and effector phase of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Willenborg, D. O., Fordham, S. A., Bernard, C. C. A., Cowden, W. B., & Ramshaw, I. A. (1996) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.157.8.3223 · Cited by 636 · see citing works
Experimental autoimmune encephalitis and inflammation in the absence of interleukin-12.
Becher, B., Durell, B., & Noelle, R. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci15751 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Enhancing Effect of IL-17 on IL-1-Induced IL-6 and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Production by Rheumatoid Arthritis Synoviocytes and Its Regulation by Th2 Cytokines
Chabaud, M., Fossiez, F., Taupin, J., & Miossec, P. (1998) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.161.1.409 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
IL-6-Deficient Mice Are Resistant to Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: Roles of IL-6 in the Activation and Differentiation of Autoreactive T Cells
Samoilova, E. B., Horton, J. L., Hilliard, B. A., Liu, T.-S. T., & Chen, Y. (1998) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.161.12.6480 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Failure to Suppress the Expansion of the Activated Cd4 T Cell Population in Interferon γ–Deficient Mice Leads to Exacerbation of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Chu, C., Wittmer, S. T., & Dalton, D. K. (2000) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.192.1.123 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Passive or Active Immunization with Myelin Basic Protein Promotes Recovery from Spinal Cord Contusion
Hauben, E., Butovsky, O., Nevo, U., Yoles, E., Moalem‐Taylor, G., Agranov, E., Mor, F., Leibowitz‐Amit, R., Pevsner, E., AKSELROD, S., et al. (2000) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-17-06421.2000 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Experimental autoimmune encephalitis and inflammation in the absence of interleukin-12
Becher, B., Durell, B. G., & Noelle, R. J. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci0215751 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Intrathecal activation of the IL-17/IL-8 axis in opticospinal multiple sclerosis
Ishizu, T., Osoegawa, M., Mei, F.-J., Kikuchi, H., Tanaka, M., Takakura, Y., Minohara, M., Murai, H., Mihara, F., Taniwaki, T., et al. (2005) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh453 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
IL-6-deficient mice are resistant to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis provoked by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein.
Okuda, Y., Sakoda, S., Bernard, C. C. A., Fujimura, H., Saeki, Y., Kishimoto, T., & Yanagihara, T. (1998) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/10.5.703 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
IL-12– and IL-23–induced T helper cell subsets
Bettelli, E., & Kuchroo, V. K. (2005) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20042279 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Coexpression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, gamma interferon, and interleukins 3 and 4 is random in murine alloreactive T-lymphocyte clones.
Kelso, A., & Gough, N. M. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.23.9189 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
IFN-γ Determines Distinct Clinical Outcomes in Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Wensky, A. K., Furtado, G. C., Marcondes, M. C. G., Chen, S., Manfra, D. J., Lira, S. A., Zagzag, D., & Lafaille, J. J. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.3.1416 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Local Delivery of TNF by Retrovirus-Transduced T Lymphocytes Exacerbates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Canto, R. A. D., Shaw, M. K., Nolan, G. P., Steinman, L., & Fathman, C. G. (1999) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1006/clim.1998.4653 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Educating T cells: early events in the differentiation and commitment of cytokine-producing CD4 + and CD8 + T cells
Kelso, A. (1999) · Springer Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s002810050065 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 33 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Fate mapping of IL-17-producing T cells in inflammatory responses
Hirota, K., Duarte, J. H., Veldhoen, M., Hornsby, E., Li, Y., Cua, D. J., Ahlfors, H., Wilhelm, C., Tolaini, M., Menzel, U., et al. (2011) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1993 · Cited by 1,176 · see citing works
Tumor-specific Th17-polarized cells eradicate large established melanoma
Muranski, P. J., Boni, A., Antony, P. A., Cassard, L., Irvine, K. R., Kaiser, A., Paulos, C. M., Palmer, D. C., Touloukian, C. E., Ptak, K., et al. (2008) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2007-11-120998 · Cited by 838 · see citing works
Stimulation of TLR2 and TLR4 differentially skews the balance of T cells in a mouse model of arthritis
Abdollahi-Roodsaz, S., Joosten, L. A. B., Koenders, M. I., Devesa, I., Roelofs, M. F., Radstake, T. R. D. J., Heuvelmans-Jacobs, M., Akira, S., Nicklin, M. J. H., Ribeiro-Dias, F., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci32639 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Infiltration of Th1 and Th17 cells and activation of microglia in the CNS during the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Murphy, Á. C., Lalor, S. J., Lynch, M. A., & Mills, K. H. G. (2010) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.01.014 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Th17 Cell, the New Player of Neuroinflammatory Process in Multiple Sclerosis
Jadidi‐Niaragh, F., & Mirshafiey, A. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02536.x · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Cutting Edge: Th1 Cells Facilitate the Entry of Th17 Cells to the Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
O’Connor, R. A., Prendergast, C. T., Sabatos, C. A., Lau, C. W. Z., Leech, M. D., Wraith, D. C., & Anderton, S. M. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.6.3750 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Th17 cells: a new fate for differentiating helper T cells
Chen, Z. J., & O’Shea, J. J. (2008) · Immunologic Research · doi:10.1007/s12026-007-8014-9 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Current Views on the Roles of Th1 and Th17 Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Behi, M. E., Rostami, A. M., & Ćirić, B. (2010) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-009-9188-9 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Langerhans cell histiocytosis reveals a new IL-17A–dependent pathway of dendritic cell fusion
Coury, F., Annels, N. E., Rivollier, A., Olsson, S., Santoro, A., Speziani, C., Azocar, O., Flacher, M., Djebali, S., Tebib, J. G., et al. (2007) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1694 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Th1, Th2, and Th17 Effector T Cell-Induced Autoimmune Gastritis Differs in Pathological Pattern and in Susceptibility to Suppression by Regulatory T Cells
Stummvoll, G. H., DiPaolo, R. J., Huter, E. N., Davidson, T. S., Glass, D., Ward, J. M., & Shevach, E. M. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.1908 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
IFN‐γ and IL‐12 synergize to convert in vivo generated Th17 into Th1/Th17 cells
Lexberg, M. H., Taubner, A., Albrecht, I., Lepenies, I., Richter, A., Kamradt, T., Radbruch, A., & Chang, H. (2010) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201040539 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Th17 Cytokines Regulate Osteoclastogenesis in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Kim, K., Kim, H., Kim, B., Cho, M., & Lee, S. (2015) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.07.017 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Th memory for interleukin‐17 expression is stable in vivo
Lexberg, M. H., Taubner, A., Förster, A., Albrecht, I., Richter, A., Kamradt, T., Radbruch, A., & Chang, H. (2008) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200838541 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccines: Barriers and Opportunities
Cintolo, J. A., Datta, J., Mathew, S., & Czerniecki, B. J. (2012) · Future Oncology · doi:10.2217/fon.12.125 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Lithium Prevents and Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Sarno, P. D., Axtell, R. C., Raman, C., Roth, K. A., Alessi, D. R., & Jope, R. S. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.1.338 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Macrophage CD40 signaling: A pivotal regulator of disease protection and pathogenesis
Suttles, J., & Stout, R. D. (2009) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2009.05.011 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Amelioration of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 Mice by Photobiomodulation Induced by 670 nm Light
Muili, K. A., Gopalakrishnan, S., Meyer, S. L., Eells, J. T., & Lyons, J. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030655 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Differential Effect of IL-27 on Developing versus Committed Th17 Cells
Behi, M. E., Ćirić, B., Yu, S., Zhang, G., Fitzgerald, D. C., & Rostami, A. M. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0900735 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Interleukin-23 and T helper 17-type responses in intestinal inflammation: from cytokines to T-cell plasticity
Morrison, P. J., Ballantyne, S. J., & Kullberg, M. C. (2011) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2011.03454.x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Regulation of Th17 Differentiation by Epidermal Fatty Acid-Binding Protein
Li, B., Reynolds, J. M., Stout, R. D., Bernlohr, D., & Suttles, J. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0804192 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Roles of inflammation response in microglia cell through Toll-like receptors 2/interleukin-23/interleukin-17 pathway in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
Lv, M., Liu, Y., Zhang, J., Sun, L., Liu, Z., Zhang, S., Wang, B., Su, D., & Su, Z. (2010) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.11.066 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Th17-cell plasticity in Helicobacter hepaticus–induced intestinal inflammation
Morrison, P. J., Bending, D., Fouser, L. A., Wright, J. F., Stockinger, B., Cooke, A., & Kullberg, M. C. (2013) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2013.11 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Cannabinoid-mediated neuroprotection, not immunosuppression, may be more relevant to multiple sclerosis
Croxford, J. L., Pryce, G., Jackson, S. J., Ledent, C. A., Giovannoni, G., Pertwee, R. G., Yamamura, T., & Baker, D. (2007) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.10.024 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Erythropoietin: A Potent Inducer of Peripheral Immuno/Inflammatory Modulation in Autoimmune EAE
Yuan, R., Maeda, Y., Li, W., Lu, W., Cook, S., & Dowling, P. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0001924 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
In Vivo Regulation of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by NK Cells: Alteration of Primary Adaptive Responses
Winkler-Pickett, R. T., Young, H. A., Cherry, J. M., Diehl, J., Wine, J. W., Back, T. C., Bere, W., Mason, A. T., & Ortaldo, J. R. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.7.4495 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Targeting the development and effector functions of TH17 cells
Ghilardi, N., & Ouyang, W. (2007) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2007.10.016 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The dynamics of effector T cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the promotion and regulation of autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Korn, T., Anderson, A. C., Bettelli, E., & Oukka, M. (2007) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.09.009 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Histamine receptor H1 is required for TCR-mediated p38 MAPK activation and optimal IFN-γ production in mice
Noubade, R., Milligan, G., Zachary, J. F., Blankenhorn, E. P., del Río, R., Rincón, M., & Teuscher, C. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci32792 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
IL-17 potentiates neuronal injury induced by oxygen–glucose deprivation and affects neuronal IL-17 receptor expression
Wang, D., Zhao, Y.-F., Wang, G., Sun, B., Kong, Q., Zhao, K., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Mu, L., et al. (2009) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.04.007 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Current views on the functions of interleukin-17A-producing cells in atherosclerosis
Butcher, M. J., & Galkina, E. (2011) · Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1160/th11-05-0342 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 7 controls Th17 cell responses through regulation of luminal ATP in the small intestine
Kusu, T., Kayama, H., Kinoshita, M., Jeon, S. G., Ueda, Y., Goto, Y., Okumura, R., Saiga, H., Kurakawa, T., Ikeda, K., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1103067 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Expression of interleukin-17RC protein in normal human tissues
Ge, D., & You, Z. (2008) · International Archives of Medicine · doi:10.1186/1755-7682-1-19 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Repeated courses of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Clinical and biological results from a prospective multicenter study
Chiò, A., Mora, G., Bella, V. L., Caponnetto, C., Mancardi, G., Sabatelli, M., Siciliano, G., Silani, V., Corbo, M., Moglia, C., et al. (2011) · Muscle & Nerve · doi:10.1002/mus.21851 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Humoral and cellular immune responses to myelin protein peptides in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
Sanvito, L., Makowska, A. M., Mahdi‐Rogers, M., Hadden, R. D. M., Peakman, M., Gregson, N. A., Nemni, R., & Hughes, R. A. (2008) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.159798 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Encephalitogenic T cells that stably express both T-bet and RORγt consistently produce IFNγ but have a spectrum of IL-17 profiles
Abromson‐Leeman, S. R., Bronson, R. T., & Dorf, M. E. (2009) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.07.007 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Absence of the Cellular Prion Protein Exacerbates and Prolongs Neuroinflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Tsutsui, S., Hahn, J. N., Johnson, T., Ali, Z., & Jirik, F. R. (2008) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2008.071062 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Mechanism by which HLA-DR4 regulates sex-bias of arthritis in humanized mice
Behrens, M. D., Trejo, T., Luthra, H. S., Griffiths, M. M., David, C. S., & Taneja, V. (2010) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2009.12.007 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The effect of electroacupuncture on T cell responses in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalitis
Liu, Y., Liu, X., Bai, S., Mu, L., Kong, Q., Sun, B., Wang, D., Wang, J., Shu, S., Wang, G., et al. (2010) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.12.005 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
CD8+ T cells in inflammatory demyelinating disease
Weiss, H. A., Millward, J. M., & Owens, T. (2007) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.09.011 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Proinflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression in the Stomach Correlates with Vaccine-Induced Protection against Helicobacter pylori Infection in Mice: an Important Role for Interleukin-17 during the Effector Phase
Flach, C., Östberg, A., Nilsson, A.-T., Malefyt, R. D. W., & Raghavan, S. (2010) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00756-10 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Host T Cells Are the Main Producers of IL-17 within the Central Nervous System during Initiation of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Induced by Adoptive Transfer of Th1 Cell Lines
Lees, J. R., Iwakura, Y., & Russell, J. H. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.12.8066 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
A critical role for regulatory T cells in driving cytokine profiles of Th17 cells and their modulation of glioma microenvironment
Cantini, G., Pisati, F., Mastropietro, A., Frattini, V., Iwakura, Y., Finocchiaro, G., & Pellegatta, S. (2011) · Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy · doi:10.1007/s00262-011-1069-4 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Inflammation in the Central Nervous System and Th17 Responses Are Inhibited by IFN-γ–Induced IL-18 Binding Protein
Millward, J. M., Løbner, M., Wheeler, R. D., & Owens, T. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0902153 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Anti–IL-12/23 p40 Antibody Attenuates Experimental Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease via Suppression of IFN-γ/IL-17–Producing Cells
Okamoto, S., Fujiwara, H., Nishimori, H., Matsuoka, K., Fujii, N., Kondo, E., Tanaka, T., Yoshimura, A., Tanimoto, M., & Maeda, Y. (2014) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1400973 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Interleukin 17–producing T helper cells in alloimmunity
Benghiat, F. S., Charbonnier, L., Vokaer, B., Wilde, V. D., & Moine, A. L. (2008) · Transplantation Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.trre.2008.08.007 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Male sex chromosomal complement exacerbates the pathogenicity of Th17 cells in a chronic model of central nervous system autoimmunity
Doss, P. M. I. A., Umair, M., Baillargeon, J., Fazazi, R., Fudge, N., Akbar, I., Yeola, A. P., Williams, J. B., Leclercq, M., Joly-Beauparlant, C., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108833 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The inflammatory Th 17 subset in immunity against self and non-self antigens
Jin, D., Zhang, L., Zheng, J., & Zhao, Y. L. (2008) · Autoimmunity · doi:10.1080/08916930701776605 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Evidence for PI-3K-dependent migration of Th17-polarized cells in response to CCR2 and CCR6 agonists
Webb, A., Johnson, A., Fortunato, M., Platt, A., Crabbe, T., Christie, M. I., Watt, G. F., Ward, S. G., & Jopling, L. A. (2008) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.0408234 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
A Role for the Cytoplasmic Adaptor Protein Act1 in Mediating IL-17 Signaling
Lindén, A. (2007) · Science s STKE · doi:10.1126/stke.3982007re4 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Kinetics of IFN-γ and IL-17 expression and production in active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Dark Agouti rats
Momčilović, M. B., Miljković, Ž., Popadic, D. M., Miljković, D. M., & Mostarica‐Stojković, M. (2008) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.09.082 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Enhancing the ability of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis to serve as a more rigorous model of multiple sclerosis through refinement of the experimental design.
Emerson, M. R., Gallagher, R. J., Marquis, J. G., & LeVine, S. M. (2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 32 · see citing works
MOG35–55 i.v suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis partially through modulation of Th17 and JAK/STAT pathways
Jiang, Z., Li, H., Fitzgerald, D. C., Zhang, G., & Rostami, A. M. (2009) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200838427 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Type17 T-cells in Central Nervous System Autoimmunity and Tumors
Okada, H., & Khoury, S. J. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1007/s10875-012-9686-z · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Development and Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Recombinant Human Myelin Basic Protein Nano Therapeutic Vaccine in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice Animal Model
Al‐Ghobashy, M. A., ElMeshad, A. N., Abdelsalam, R. M., Nooh, M. M., Al‐Shorbagy, M. Y., & Laible, G. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep46468 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The epigenetic drug Trichostatin A ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via T cell tolerance induction and impaired influx of T cells into the spinal cord
Jayaraman, A. K., Soni, A., Prabhakar, B. S., Holterman, M., & Jayaraman, S. (2017) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2017.07.015 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Epigenetic modification of mesenchymal stromal cells enhances their suppressive effects on the Th17 responses of cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients
Kim, K., Kim, H. J., Kim, B., Kwon, Y.-R., Kim, H., & Kim, Y. (2018) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-018-0948-4 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Th17-biased RORγt transgenic mice become susceptible to a viral model for multiple sclerosis
Martinez, N. E., Sato, F., Kawai, E., Omura, S., Takahashi, S., Yoh, K., & Tsunoda, I. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.07.008 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
RORγt, but not T-bet, overexpression exacerbates an autoimmune model for multiple sclerosis
Martinez, N. E., Sato, F., Omura, S., Kawai, E., Takahashi, S., Yoh, K., & Tsunoda, I. (2014) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.09.006 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Cellular Approaches for Stimulating CNS Remyelination
Miller, R. H., & Bai, L. (2007) · Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.2217/17460751.2.5.817 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 1 Is Preferentially Expressed in Th1 and Th17 T-Helper Cell Subsets and Is a Direct Stat Target Gene
Adamson, A. S., Ghoreschi, K., Rittler, M. R., Chen, Q., Sun, H., Vahedi, G., Kanno, Y., Stetler‐Stevenson, W. G., O’Shea, J. J., & Laurence, A. D. J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059367 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Effects of biological sex and pregnancy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: It’s complicated
McCombe, P., & Greer, J. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059833 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The immunologic profile of adoptively transferred lymphocytes influences stroke outcome of recipients
Zierath, D. K., Schulze, J., Kunze, A., Drogomiretskiy, O., Nhan, D. T., Jaspers, B., Dressel, A., & Becker, K. J. (2013) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.07.014 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Interferon-γ Orchestrates the Number and Function of Th17 Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Berghmans, N., Nuyts, A. H., Uyttenhove, C., Snick, J. V., Opdenakker, G., & Heremans, H. (2011) · Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/jir.2010.0137 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Id1 Expression Promotes T Regulatory Cell Differentiation by Facilitating TCR Costimulation
Liu, C., Wang, H.-C., Yu, S., Jin, R., Tang, H., Liu, Y.-F., Ge, Q., Sun, X.-H., & Zhang, Y. (2014) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1302554 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Kinetics of IL-17- and interferon-γ-producing PLPp-specific CD4 T cells in EAE induced by coinjection of PLPp/IFA with pertussis toxin in SJL mice
Hofstetter, H. H., & Forsthuber, T. G. (2010) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2010.04.018 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Oral neutrophils are an independent marker of the systemic inflammatory response after cardiac bypass
Wilcox, M. E., Charbonney, E., d’Empaire, P. P., Duggal, A., Pinto, R., Javid, A., Dos Santos, C., Rubenfeld, G. D., Sutherland, S., Liles, W. C., et al. (2014) · Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1186/s12950-014-0032-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“IL-17, produced primarily by CD4+ Th17 cells, acts to enhance chemokine production by target cells in various tissues to promote/attract monocytes and neutrophils to those tissue (especially mucosal) sites, and in combination with sICAM suggests the predominance of a Th1 phenotypic response (acute pro-inflammatory sta…”
Background
Efficacy and Safety of Fingolimod in an Unselected Patient Population
Rasenack, M., Rychen, J., Andělová, M., Naegelin, Y., Stippich, C., Kappos, L., Lindberg, R. L. P., Sprenger, T., & Derfuss, T. J. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0146190 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Suppression of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by ILT3.Fc
Xu, Z., Lin, C.-C., Ho, S., Vlad, G., & Suciu-Foca, N. (2020) · Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2000265 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Biological Sex As a Critical Variable in CD4 + Effector T Cell Function in Preclinical Models of Multiple Sclerosis
Umair, M., Fazazi, M. R., & Rangachari, M. (2021) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2021.0202 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
MAP kinase inhibitor PD98059 regulates Th1, Th9, Th17, and natural T regulatory cells in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis
Ahmad, S. F., Ansari, M. A., Nadeem, A., Bakheet, S. A., Alasmari, A. F., Shahid, M., Al‐Mazroua, H. A., Alomar, H. A., AsSobeai, H. M., Alshamrani, A. A., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176086 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
γδ T Cells and NK Cells – Distinct Pathogenic Roles as Innate-Like Immune Cells in CNS Autoimmunity
Edwards, S., McGinley, A., McGuinness, N., & Mills, K. (2015) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00455 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
T cells that trigger acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis also mediate subsequent disease relapses and predominantly produce IL-17
Li, J., Zhao, X., Hao, H.-W., Shaw, M. K., & Tse, H. Y. (2010) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.08.007 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Production of IL-17
McGovern, J. L., & Notley, C. A. (2012) · JAK-STAT · doi:10.4161/jkst.20409 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Lentivirus-mediated estrogen receptor α overexpression in the central nervous system ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice
Xiao, H., & Qin, X. (2013) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2013.1306 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A Novel Combination of Docosahexaenoic Acid, All-Trans Retinoic Acid, and 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Reduces T-Bet Gene Expression, Serum Interferon Gamma, and Clinical Scores but Promotes PPARγ Gene Expression in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Shiri‐Shahsavar, M. R., Mirshafiee, A., Parastouei, K., Kalan, A. E., Yekaninejad, M. S., Soleymani, F., Chahardoli, R., Fard, R. M. N., & Saboor-Yaraghi, A. A. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-016-0834-4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Heterogeneity of EAE mediated by multiple distinct T-effector subsets
Abromson‐Leeman, S. R., Ladell, D. S., Bronson, R. T., & Dorf, M. E. (2007) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.09.031 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Modeled Microgravity Suppressed Expansion of the MBP-specific T Lymphocytes of Rats with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Bai, S., Li, Y., Wang, J., Zhai, D., Kong, Q., Liu, Y., Liu, X., Sun, B., Xu, J., Wang, D., et al. (2011) · Immunological Investigations · doi:10.3109/08820139.2011.568032 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Th17 cell-Mediated Responses in Type 1 Diabetes Pathogenesis
Yaochite, J. N. U. (2013) · Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology · doi:10.4172/2155-9899.s10-006 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Research progress in Th17 cells and the relevant cytokines in Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Jiang, M., Zhao, J., Wang, P., Yan, S., & Wang, Y. (2022) · PubMed Central · doi:10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.220205 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Treatment with a hybrid between the synapsin ABC domains and the B subunit of E. coli heat-labile toxin reduces frequency of proinflammatory cells and cytokines in the central nervous system of rats with EAE
Bibolini, M. J., Scerbo, M. J., Roth, G. A., & Monferrán, C. G. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.070 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Diarylheptanoid Hirsutenone Attenuates Osteoclastogenesis by Suppressing IFNγ and NF-κB Signaling in Th1 and Preosteoclastic Cells
Lee, D. I., Jang, S. K., Park, D. W., Kim, S. T., Park, J. S., Jo, B. R., Park, J. Y., Park, H. Y., & Joo, S. S. (2017) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.b16-00876 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND ANTI-VIRAL FUNCTION OF IL-17-SECRETING CD8 T CELLS
Yeh, N. (2012) · ProQuest Demo Repository · doi:10.7912/c2/1713
THE ROLE OF CD5 IN EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITOMYELITIS
Axtell, R. C. (2007) · ProQuest Demo Repository
HISTAMINE RECEPTOR H1 SIGNALING IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AUTOIMMMUNE DISEASE AND IMMUNE DEVIATION
Noubade, R. (2008) · ScholarWorks -A service of University of Vermont Libraries (University of Vermont)
Anti-inflammatory mechanism of selective estrogen receptor modulator in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Xiao, H., Lou, L., Yuan, J., Wan, X., Wang, J., & Qin, X. (2010) · Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1008.2010.00946
The role of T cell subsets in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Edwards, S. C. (2015) · Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology)
Male sex chromosomal complement exacerbates the pathogenicity of Th17 cells in a chronic model of CNS autoimmunityPreprint
Doss, P. M. I. A., Baillargeon, J., Yeola, A. P., Williams, J. B., Leclercq, M., Joly-Beauparlant, C., Alpaugh, M., Anderson, A. C., Droit, A., Lassmann, H., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/640904
Multiple sclerosis
Chitnis, T., & Khoury, S. J. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7234-3691-1.00079-9
A viral aetiology for multiple sclerosis: In pursuit of Kurtzke’s dark horse
Sutton, I., & Massey, J. C. (2026) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2026.107411
Self-citation
Defining the Helper T Cell Contribution to Helicobacter pylori Gastritis
Gray, B. M. (2011)
Cannabinoids for the control of experimental multiple sclerosis
Pryce, G. (2010) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)
Development of IL-17A-associated autoimmunity
Hornsby, E. (2010) · UCL Discovery (University College London)

Host T Cells Are the Main Producers of IL-17 within the Central Nervous System during Initiation of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Induced by Adoptive Transfer of Th1 Cell Lines
Lees, J. R., Iwakura, Y., & Russell, J. H. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.12.8066 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Functional and Pathogenic Differences of Th1 and Th17 Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Domingues, H. S., Mues, M., Lassmann, H., Wekerle, H., & Krishnamoorthy, G. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0015531 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Interferon-γ Orchestrates the Number and Function of Th17 Cells in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Berghmans, N., Nuyts, A. H., Uyttenhove, C., Snick, J. V., Opdenakker, G., & Heremans, H. (2011) · Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/jir.2010.0137 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
EAE induced by a non-Th1/Th17 effector is GM-CSF dependent (48.6)
Kroenke, M. A., & Segal, B. M. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.48.6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cutting Edge: The Pathogenicity of IFN-γ–Producing Th17 Cells Is Independent of T-bet
Duhen, R., Glatigny, S., Arbelaez, C. A., Blair, T. C., Oukka, M., & Bettelli, E. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1203172 · Cited by 169 · see citing works

Authors: Suryani, S., & Sutton, I.
Affiliations: Garvan Institute of Medical Research (AU)
ORCID: Suryani, Santi
Venue: Journal of Neuroimmunology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-02
Volume: 183
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 96-103
ISSN: 0165-5728 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2006.11.023
OpenAlex: W2015536043
Cited by: 92
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 11.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Neuroimmunology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Multiple Sclerosis Australia
Pfizer Australia
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Keywords: experimental autoimmune encephalitis, IL-17, interferon-gamma, Th1 cells, Th17 cells, CD4+ T cells, MOG35-55, adoptive transfer, encephalitogenicity, T cell differentiation
MeSH terms: Animals, Central Nervous System, Disease Models, Animal, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental, Flow Cytometry, Glycoproteins, Interferon-gamma, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Peptide Fragments, Thymidine, Tritium, Cytokines, Th1 Cells, Interleukin-17, Cell Proliferation, Mice, Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

An interferon-γ-producing Th1 subset is the major source of IL-17 in experimental autoimmune encephalitis

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks