The DOI matches its Crossref record; 108 of the 114 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Enhanced Th17 phenotype in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder
Open accessAbstract
The generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is often a debilitating chronic condition, characterized by long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any object or situation. Besides being clearly linked to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, anxiety is also known to contribute to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory/autoimmune disorders. The present work aimed to explore the T cell profile following in vitro activation in cultures obtained from a group of individuals with GAD, comparing them with healthy control individuals. Our results demonstrated that cell cultures from GAD group proliferated less following T cell activation as compared with the control group. The analysis of the cytokine profile revealed Th1 and Th2 cytokine deficiencies in the anxious group, as compared with the control subjects. On the other hand, this cellular and humoral immune damage was followed by enhanced production of Th17-derived cytokines. In particular, the levels of TNF-α and IL-17 were significantly higher in cell cultures containing activated T cells from GAD individuals. Therefore, besides a deficiency on Th1 phenotype, an elevated proinflammatory status of these individuals might be related to both glucocorticoid immune resistance and lower IL-10 levels produced by activated T cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated a T cell functional dysregulation in individuals with GAD, and can help to explain the mechanisms of immune impairment in these subjects and their relationship with increased susceptibility to infections and autoimmune diseases.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“For example, some studies have found increased circulating concentrations of TNF-α among GAD (Vieira et al, 2010) and PD patients (Hoge et al, 2009), whereas other research has found no difference in TNF-α concentrations between anxiety disorders more generally (Vogelzangs et al, 2013), agoraphobia (Wagner et al, 2015) or PD patients and controls (Brambilla et al, 1999).”
From Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond (2017) · cites this paper as Vieira et al, 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Lower circulating concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2 and IL-4 have also been described in GAD patients (Vieira et al, 2010).”
From Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond (2017) · cites this paper as Vieira et al, 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“| Tumor necrosis factor-α | Increased in GAD and PD | Hoge et al (2009),Vieira et al (2010), and Wagner et al (2015) |”
From Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond (2017) · cites this paper as Vieira et al (2010)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“| Tumor necrosis factor-α | Increased in GAD and PD | Hoge et al (2009),Vieira et al (2010), and Wagner et al (2015) |”
From Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond (2017) · cites this paper as Vieira et al (2010)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“in vitro activation of CD4 cells isolated from patients with generalized anxiety disorder induces them to acquire a TH17 phenotype (Ferreira et al., 2011; Vieira et al., 2010)”
From Distinct characteristics of hippocampal pathogenic th17 cells in a mouse model of depression (2018) · cites this paper as Vieira et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Interestingly, lower levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ have been found in both GAD and PD patients (Tukel et al, 2012;Vieira et al, 2010).”
From Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond (2017) · cites this paper as Vieira et al, 2010
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“| Interleukin-2 | Decreased in GAD | Koh and Lee (2004),Rapaport and Stein (1994), and Vieira et al (2010) |”
From Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond (2017) · cites this paper as Vieira et al (2010)
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“| Interleukin-2 | Decreased in GAD | Koh and Lee (2004),Rapaport and Stein (1994), and Vieira et al (2010) |”
From Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond (2017) · cites this paper as Vieira et al (2010)
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The assessment of anxiety states by rating
HAMILTON, M. (1959) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x · Cited by 11,455
The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID): I: History, Rationale, and Description
Spitzer, R. L. (1992) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820080032005 · Cited by 4,336
Activators and target genes of Rel/NF-κB transcription factors
Pahl, H. L. (1999) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203239 · Cited by 3,727
Vignali, D. A. A., Collison, L. W., & Workman, C. J. (2008) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2343 · Cited by 3,463
Activators and Target Genes of Rel/NF-кB Transcription Factors
Loop, T., & Pahl, H. L. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0163-2_1 · Cited by 3,179
Stress and Health: Psychological, Behavioral, and Biological Determinants
Schneiderman, N., Ironson, G., & Siegel, S. D. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144141 · Cited by 2,252
The Corticosteroid Receptor Hypothesis of Depression
Holsboer, F. (2000) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00159-7 · Cited by 2,181
Toll Pathway-Dependent Blockade of CD4 + CD25 + T Cell-Mediated Suppression by Dendritic Cells
Pasare, C., & Medzhitov, R. M. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1078231 · Cited by 2,000
Mechanisms of Foxp3+ T Regulatory Cell-Mediated Suppression
Shevach, E. M. (2009) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2009.04.010 · Cited by 1,787
The role of corticotropin-releasing factor in depression and anxiety disorders
Arborelius, L., Owens, M., Plotsky, P., & Nemeroff, C. (1999) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe.0.1600001 · Cited by 1,378
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Khouzam, 2009, Anxiety disorders: guidelines for effective primary care. Part 1: diagnosis, Consultant, 49
- LeGrand, 2001, Interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-17 synergistically up-regulate nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in explants of human osteoarthritic knee menisci, Arthritis Rheum., 44, 2078, 10.1002/1529-0131(200109)44:9<2078::AID-ART358>3.0.CO;2-J · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Bidirectional Relationship of Depression and Inflammation: Double Trouble
Beurel, E., Toups, M., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.002 · Cited by 2,136
Inflammation in Fear- and Anxiety-Based Disorders: PTSD, GAD, and Beyond
Michopoulos, V., Powers, A., Gillespie, C. F., Ressler, K. J., & Jovanovic, T. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.146 · Cited by 786
Comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: implications for patient care
Marrie, R. A. (2017) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2017.33 · Cited by 250
On inflammatory hypothesis of depression: what is the role of IL-6 in the middle of the chaos?
Roohi, E., Jaafari, N., & Hashemian, F. (2021) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-021-02100-7 · Cited by 256
Renna, M. E., O'Toole, M. S., Spaeth, P. E., Lekander, M., & Mennin, D. S. (2018) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22790 · Cited by 220
Metadata
- Authors
- Vieira, M. M. M., Ferreira, T. B., Pacheco, P. A. F., Barros, P. O., Almeida, C. R. M., Araújo-Lima, C. F., Silva-Filho, R. G., Hygino, J., Andrade, R. M., Linhares, U. C., Andrade, A. F. B., & Bento, C. A. M.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Bento, Cleonice A.M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroimmunology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-12
- Volume
- 229
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 212-218
- ISSN
- 0165-5728 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2046420685
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroimmunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- generalized anxiety disorder, Th17 cells, T cell activation, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-10, glucocorticoid resistance, T cell proliferation, autoimmune disease susceptibility, infection susceptibility
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Cell Count, Dexamethasone, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Lymphocyte Activation, Male, Phenotype, Tetrazolium Salts, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-7, Cytokines, Statistics, Nonparametric, Young Adult, Th17 Cells
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
