Peripheral proinflammatory cytokines in Chinese patients with generalised anxiety disorder
Open accessAbstract
Background Inflammatory responses and inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of affective disorders, particularly major depression. Given the limited evidence relating to the potential role of proinflammatory cytokines in generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), we aimed to examine peripheral proinflammatory cytokines in Chinese patients with GAD.Methods A case-controlled cross-sectional study design, with recruitment of 48 patients with first episode GAD and 48 matched healthy controls. All participants completed measures of anxiety using well-established questionnaires, and serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured using multiplex technology.Results Serum levels of CRP, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF were significantly higher in the GAD group in comparison to the control group (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation revealed significant positive correlations between anxiety measures and serum levels of CRP, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF (p < 0.05).Limitations The cross-sectional study design does not permit definite conclusions on causal directions between inflammation and GAD. The study was limited to a panel of 8 cytokines and does not exclude the possibility of other important cytokines being involved.Conclusions These findings indicate an elevated peripheral proinflammatory response, and provide further support for low grade inflammation in GAD. Further research may identify an 'inflammatory signature' for diagnosis and treatment response, and guide the search for novel pharmacological interventions.
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Generalized anxiety disorder has been associated with elevated levels of C-reactive protein and proinflammatory cytokines.
“Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has been associated with elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and proinflammatory cytokines.”
From Inflammatory markers changes following acceptance-based behavioral psychotherapy in generalized anxiety disorder patients: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as Tang et al., 2018
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- Authors
- Tang, Z., Ye, G., Chen, X., Pan, M., Fu, J., Fu, T., Liu, Q., Gao, Z., Baldwin, D. S., & Hou, R.
- Affiliations
- Suzhou University (CN)
- University of Cape Town (ZA)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hou, Ruihua
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- 225
- Pages
- 593-598
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2753758608
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Suzhou Science and Technology Development (SYSD2014132)
- H. Lundbeck A/S (ZTDJ8T)
- AstraZeneca (082015)
- Janssen (Wang07072016)
- Pfizer (15082014)
- UK Ministry of Defense
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- generalized anxiety disorder, inflammatory cytokines, peripheral inflammation, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interferon-gamma, GM-CSF, interleukin-1 alpha, IL-12, Chinese patients
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Interleukin-2, Male, Middle Aged, Interleukin-6, Case-Control Studies, Cytokines, Interleukin-8, Interleukin-12, Inflammation Mediators, Asian People, Interleukin-1alpha
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