The DOI matches its Crossref record; 80 of the 84 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial of Cannabis Cigarettes in Neuropathic Pain
Open accessAbstract
Unlabelled The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and the National Institute for Drug Abuse (NIDA) report that no sound scientific studies support the medicinal use of cannabis. Despite this lack of scientific validation, many patients routinely use "medical marijuana," and in many cases this use is for pain related to nerve injury. We conducted a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study evaluating the analgesic efficacy of smoking cannabis for neuropathic pain. Thirty-eight patients with central and peripheral neuropathic pain underwent a standardized procedure for smoking either high-dose (7%), low-dose (3.5%), or placebo cannabis. In addition to the primary outcome of pain intensity, secondary outcome measures included evoked pain using heat-pain threshold, sensitivity to light touch, psychoactive side effects, and neuropsychological performance. A mixed linear model demonstrated an analgesic response to smoking cannabis. No effect on evoked pain was seen. Psychoactive effects were minimal and well-tolerated, with some acute cognitive effects, particularly with memory, at higher doses.Perspective This study adds to a growing body of evidence that cannabis may be effective at ameliorating neuropathic pain, and may be an alternative for patients who do not respond to, or cannot tolerate, other drugs. However, the use of marijuana as medicine may be limited by its method of administration (smoking) and modest acute cognitive effects, particularly at higher doses.
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“Seven studies assessed CBM use on appetite in participants experiencing chronic pain, including two RCTs,59,63 two cross-sectional studies,79,88 two case series,91,92 and one pre-post study.70”
From Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cannabis and Cannabinoid-Based Medicines in the Management of Chronic Pain and Co-Occurring Conditions (2024) · cites this paper as [63]
In the citing paper
“This study reported that cannabinoids compounded the decreased neurocognitive performance of patients that was present at baseline.”
From Cannabinoids as Pharmacotherapies for Neuropathic Pain: From the Bench to the Bedside (2009) · cites this paper as [155]
In the citing paper
“Smoking cannabis cigarettes also improved spontaneous pain relief and pain unpleasantness VAS ratings in patients suffering from mixed forms of neuropathic pain, but failed to alter stimulus-evoked pain.155”
From Cannabinoids as Pharmacotherapies for Neuropathic Pain: From the Bench to the Bedside (2009) · cites this paper as [155]
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Prescribing medical cannabis in Canada: Are we being too cautious?
Lake, S., Kerr, T. H., & Montaner, J. S. G. (2015) · Canadian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.17269/cjph.106.4926 · Cited by 18
Tyree, G. A., Sarkar, R. R., Bellows, B. K., Ellis, R. J., Atkinson, J. H., Marcotte, T. D., Wallace, M. S., Grant, I., Shi, Y., Murphy, J. D., et al. (2019) · Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research · doi:10.1089/can.2018.0027 · Cited by 17
Considerations for Cannabis Use to Treat Pain in Sickle Cell Disease
Argueta, D. A., Aich, A., Muqolli, F., Cherukury, H. M., Sagi, V., DiPatrizio, N. V., & Gupta, K. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9123902 · Cited by 17
Therapeutic Benefit of Smoked Cannabis in Randomized Placebo‐Controlled Studies
Bowen, L. L., & McRae‐Clark, A. L. (2017) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1002/phar.2064 · Cited by 17
“5%, and 7% THC.(14) Each treatment day included a total of nine puffs over the course of 3 hours.”
InfluentialNabata, K. J., Tse, E. K., Nightingale, T. E., Lee, A. H. X., Eng, J. J., Querée, M., Walter, M., & Krassioukov, A. V. (2020) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x18666200420085712 · Cited by 18
“05) reduced pain compared to placebo [58-60].”
InfluentialVulfsons, S., Ognitz, M., Bar‐Sela, G., Raz‐Pasteur, A., & Eisenberg, E. (2019) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s147895151900021x · Cited by 17
“The dose investigated in the current study is much smaller than in the case of smoked cannabis, in which daily dosages investigated in prior studies ranged from 19 to 96 mg cannabinoids (Abrams et al., 2007; Ellis et al., 2009; Wilsey et al., 2008).”
Understanding and Managing Patients with Chronic Pain
Szumita, R. P., Szumita, P. M., & Just, N. (2010) · Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.coms.2010.07.005 · Cited by 16
THC-induced behavioral stereotypy in zebrafish as a model of psychosis-like behavior
Dahlén, A. D., Zarei, M., Melgoza, A., Wagle, M. D., & Guo, S. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-95016-4 · Cited by 16
Review of the Use of Medicinal Cannabis Products in Palliative Care
Troyer, J., & Tanco, K. C. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16071412 · Cited by 17
“…although THC showed antiemetic effects, certain patients in the THC arm dropped out of the study because of severe adverse effects and were noted to prefer nausea and vomiting to the adverse effects from THC, including dizziness, somnolence, reduced concentration, and depersonalization [38].”
The level of evidence of medical marijuana use for treating disabilities: a scoping review
Stetten, N. E., Pomeranz, J. L., Moorhouse, M. D., Yurasek, A. M., & Blue, A. V. (2018) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2018.1523952 · Cited by 16
“[55] found that Cannabis sativa reduced pain intensity and with adverse side effects, patients did not withdraw as they were deemed acceptable by the participant experiencing chronic pain.”
Palmieri, B., Laurino, C., & Vadalà, M. (2019) · International Journal of Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.1111/ijpp.12514 · Cited by 16
Courtney, J. B., Russell, M. A., & Conroy, D. E. (2021) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106931 · Cited by 15
Giossi, R., Carrara, F., Padroni, M., Bilancio, M. C., Mazzari, M., Enisci, S., Romio, M. S., Boni, G., Corrù, F., Fittipaldo, V. A., et al. (2022) · Pain and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40122-022-00434-5 · Cited by 15
“Among included RCTs, seven studies administered different cannabinoid compounds and preparations, including sublingual cannabis THC-rich oil [25], dronabinol oral capsules [26, 29], oral nabilone [27], CBD gums [30], inhaled vaporized pharmaceutical-grade medicinal cannabis (Bedrocan, Bediol, Bedrobinol) [31], differe…”
Arkell, T. R., Manning, B., Downey, L. A., & Hayley, A. C. (2023) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-023-01046-z · Cited by 15
Köstenberger, M., Nahler, G., Jones, T., Neuwersch-Sommeregger, S., & Likar, R. (2021) · Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s11481-021-10010-x · Cited by 16
Cannabinoids for Pain Management
Thaler, A., Gupta, A., & Cohen, S. P. (2011) · Advances in psychosomatic medicine · doi:10.1159/000324070 · Cited by 14
Cannabis constituents for chronic neuropathic pain; reconciling the clinical and animal evidence
Sokolaj, E. E., Assareh, N., Anderson, K. E., Aubrey, K. R., & Vaughan, C. W. (2023) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.15964 · Cited by 16
“…extent than placebo cigarettes in individuals suffering from HIV-associated, diabetic, post-surgery/traumatic and other unspeci - fied forms of neuropathic pain (Abrams et al., 2007; Corey-Bloom et al., 2012; Ellis et al., 2009; Finnerup et al., 2015; Ware et al., 2005, 2010; Wilsey et al., 2008 ).”
Cannabinoids, Endocannabinoids, and Synthetic Cannabimimetic Molecules in Neuromuscular Disorders
Iannotti, F. A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25010238 · Cited by 14
Acute effects of cannabis on breath-holding duration.
Farris, S. G., & Metrik, J. (2016) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000075 · Cited by 14
“Moreover, THC attenuates subjective pain ratings (Abrams et al., 2007; Ellis et al., 2009; Wilsey et al., 2008, 2013) and increases persistence during pain tolerance tasks (cold-presser test; Cooper, Comer, & Haney, 2013), although the pain modulation effects may only be seen at low versus high…”
Mohiuddin, M. M., Mizubuti, G. B., Haroutounian, S., Smith, S. M., Rice, A. S. C., Campbell, F. A., Park, R., & Gilron, I. (2020) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000807 · Cited by 15
Carrascosa, A. J., Navarrete, F., Saldaña, R., García‐Gutiérrez, M. S., Moreno, B. M., Navarro, D., Gómez-Guijarro, F. M., Gasparyan, A., Murcia-Sánchez, E., Torregrosa, A. B., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25116268 · Cited by 16
Medical Cannabis and Chronic Opioid Therapy
Reisfield, G. M. (2010) · Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.3109/15360288.2010.519431 · Cited by 13
Medical Cannabis, a Beneficial High in Treatment of Blepharospasm? An Early Observation
Radke, P. M., Mokhtarzadeh, A., Lee, M. S., & Harrison, A. R. (2017) · Neuro-Ophthalmology · doi:10.1080/01658107.2017.1318150 · Cited by 13
Medical Cannabis for the Treatment of Inflammation
Namdar, D., & Koltai, H. (2018) · Natural Product Communications · doi:10.1177/1934578x1801300304 · Cited by 13
“chronic neuropathic pain [11-13], nausea, headaches and fatigue.”
Plunk, A. D., Arpana Agrawal, A., Harrell, P. T., Tate, W. F., Will, K. E., Mellor, J. M., & Grucza, R. A. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.002 · Cited by 12
“…et al., 2014; Volkow et al., 1996), memory and cognition (Volkow et al., 1996; Yücel et al., 2008; Zalesky et al., 2012), motivational and reward systems (Albrecht et al., 2013; Gilman et al., 2014), and pain regulation (Cooper et al., 2013; Wallace et al., 2007; Wilsey et al., 2013, 2008).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Wilsey, B., Marcotte, T., Tsodikov, A., Millman, J., Bentley, H., Gouaux, B., & Fishman, S.
- Affiliations
- VA Northern California Health Care System (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- University of California Davis Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wilsey, Barth
- Venue
- The Journal of Pain
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-06
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 506-521
- ISSN
- 1526-5900 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4968043
- OpenAlex
- W2133895281
- Cited by
- 327
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 8.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000002)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024146)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research, University of California, San Diego
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Keywords
- cannabis, neuropathic pain, medical cannabis, analgesic efficacy, pain intensity, evoked pain, psychoactive effects, cognitive effects, memory, dose-response relationship, central pain, peripheral neuropathic pain
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Aged, Cannabinoids, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Marijuana Smoking, Middle Aged, Neuralgia, Neuropsychological Tests, Pain Measurement, Time Factors, Linear Models, Cross-Over Studies
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