Hopkins verbal learning test revised: normative data and analysis of inter-form and test-retest reliability
Abstract
The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) is a brief verbal learning and memory test with six alternate forms. The HVLT is ideal in situations calling for repeated neuropsychological examinations, but it lacks a delayed recall trial which is essential for the assessment of abnormal forgetting. We present a revised version of the HVLT which includes a delayed recall trial, and therefore delays the yes/no recognition trial. The equivalence of test forms was examined in two separate studies using between-groups and within-subjects research designs. In both studies, the six forms of the revised HVLT (HVLT-R) were found to be equivalent with respect to the recall trials, but there were some modest differences in recognition. Recommendations for the use of the HVLT-R in serial neuropsychological examinations are provided, as well as normative data tables from a sample of 541 subjects, spanning ages 17 to 88 years.
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Clinically, many neuropsychological tests that assess working memory rely heavily on verbal tasks, employing language as a core construct, and thus are not feasible to model using mice.
“Clinically, many of the neuropsychological tests that assess working memory rely heavily on the use of verbal tasks (Kaplan et al., 1978; Benedict et al., 1998; Spreen and Strauss, 1998; Delis et al., 2000), employing language as a core construct and thus are not feasible to model using mice.”
From Using mice to model Alzheimer's dementia: an overview of the clinical disease and the preclinical behavioral changes in 10 mouse models (2014) · cites this paper as Benedict et al., 1998
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- Authors
- Benedict, R. H. B., Schretlen, D., Groninger, L., & Brandt, J.
- Affiliations
- Buffalo General Medical Center (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County (US)
- Venue
- The Clinical Neuropsychologist
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1998-02
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-55
- ISSN
- 0920-1637 (ISSN-L)
- 1385-4046
- 1744-4144
- OpenAlex
- W2044726369
- Cited by
- 1,597
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 67 · 2025: 101 · 2024: 93 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 106 · 2021: 115 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 84 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 71 · 2015: 77 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 55
- FWCI
- 14.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Clinical Neuropsychologist (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Keywords
- Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, verbal learning, verbal memory, delayed recall, recognition memory, test-retest reliability, reference values, forgetting
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