Cited by 265Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPediatric Pain Management TechniquesPain Management and Placebo Effect

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Development and Validation of a Daily Pain Catastrophizing Scale

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Darnall, Beth D., Sturgeon, John A., Cook, Karon F., Taub, Chloe J., Roy, Anuradha, Burns, John W., Sullivan, Michael, Mackey, Sean C.·2017·The Journal of Pain

DOI 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.05.003PMC PMC5581222

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Abstract

To date, there is no validated measure for pain catastrophizing at the daily level. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is widely used to measure trait pain catastrophizing. We sought to develop and validate a brief, daily version of the PCS for use in daily diary studies to facilitate research on mechanisms of catastrophizing treatment, individual differences in self-regulation, and to reveal the nuanced relationships between catastrophizing, correlates, and pain outcomes. After adapting the PCS for daily use, we evaluated the resulting 14 items using 3 rounds of cognitive interviews with 30 adults with chronic pain. We refined and tested the final daily PCS in 3 independent, prospective, cross-sectional, observational validation studies conducted in a combined total of 519 adults with chronic pain who completed online measures daily for 14 consecutive days. For study 1 (N = 131), exploratory factor analysis revealed adequate fit and-unexpectedly-unidimensionality for item responses to the daily PCS. Study 2 (N = 177) correlations indicated adequate association with related constructs (anger, anxiety, pain intensity, depression). Similarly, results for study 3 (N = 211) revealed expected correlations for daily PCS and measures of daily constructs including physical activity, sleep, energy level, and positive affect. Results from complex/multilevel confirmatory factor analysis confirmed good fit to a unidimensional model. Scores on the daily PCS were statistically comparable with and more parsimonious than the full 14-item version. Next steps include evaluation of score validity in populations with medical diagnoses, greater demographic diversity, and in patients with acute pain.Perspective This article describes the development and validation of a daily PCS. This daily measure may facilitate research that aims to characterize pain mechanisms, individual differences in self-regulation, adaptation, and nuanced relationships between catastrophizing, correlates, and pain outcomes.

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“cantly predicts pain severity, psychological distress, affect, and spouses’ responses to patients’ pain on a daily basis.(7,17,38,52) To the best of our knowledge, no prior studies have examined theWP association between pain catastrophizing and subsequent”
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“…psychological factors that are known to influence pain and analgesia include cognition (Burns, Glenn, Bruehl, Harden, & Lofland, 2003; Darnall et al., 2017; Salomons, Moayedi, Erpelding, & Davis, 2014; Seminowicz & Davis, 2006; Seminowicz et al., 2013; Ziadni, Sturgeon, et al.,…”
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Self-citation
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Background
Characteristics and influence on quality of life of new‐onset pain in critical COVID‐19 survivors
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“…detected, neuropathic pain (NP) and pain catastrophizing were screened and assessed with the Douleur Neuropathique 4 interview questionnaire (DN4- interview) (see Appendix S2) and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) (see Appendix S3), respectively (Bouhassira et al., 2005; Darnall et al., 2017).”
BackgroundMethod
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Walton, D. M., Mehta, S., Seo, W., & MacDermid, J. C. (2020) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-020-01346-8 · Cited by 38
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“The shortened Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCQ) was used in the current study [62,63].”
Method
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“35 Finally, lower scores on the PCS was associated with worse quality of sleep with borderline signiﬁcance; this is counterintuitive and is likely an artifact of the more strongly associated variables in the regression model.”
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“Such pain-induced cognitive impairments are likely worsened by pain catastrophizing, the vicious cycle of negative mental focus on actual or anticipated pain that dominates the attention of chronic pain patients (Darnall et al., 2017).”
Background
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Method
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“…Inventory, 62 the pain level item is based on a Pain Rating Scale, 63 pain catastrophising item are based on the Pain Catastrophising Scale, 64 the pain avoidance item is based on the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale, 65 pain interference categories are based on the Brief Pain…”
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BackgroundSelf-citation
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Self-citation
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“being touted as a dispositional measure (47), the PCS may not be a satisfactory way to capture a traitlike propensity to catastrophize.”
Background
Self-Administered Behavioral Skills–Based At-Home Virtual Reality Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Garcia, L. M., Darnall, B. D., Krishnamurthy, P., Mackey, I. G., Sackman, J., Louis, R. G., Maddox, T., & Birckhead, B. J. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/25291 · Cited by 25
“Despite having discrete subscales for rumination, magnification, and feelings of helplessness related to pain, prior work has shown that the PCS operates unidimensionally [50] and Cook et al (unpublished).”
Self-citation
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“If BPI is positive for pain, pain catastrophizing will be assessed by the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) (supplement, questionnaire Q4) [23] and patients will also complete the Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions (DN4) (supplement, questionnaire Q5) to screen for neuropathic pain [24].”
Method
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“91.(38) The present scale has been validated in other Spanish population with similar values of internal F I G U R E 1 Scree plot of the rotated factors.”
BackgroundMethod
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“These questionnaires and scales have already been demonstrated to be reproducible and valid for measuring subjective pain [46], quality of life [47], disability [48], anxiety [49], depression [50], catastrophism [51], kinesiophobia [47], and active mobility [52].”
Background
Trajectory of chronic and neuropathic pain, anxiety and depressive symptoms and pain catastrophizing after total knee replacement. Results of a prospective, single-center study at a mean follow-up of 7.5 years
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“Higher scores suggest higher catastrophizing [35, 36].”
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“Future studies may use other standardized pain indicators, for example, Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) [20], EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) [21], or Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) [22], as well as analyzing improved function as an indicator of positive outcome.”
Self-citation
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“While pain perception is multifactorial and subject to emotional modulation [41], TAE appears to contribute directly to functional recovery.”
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“The PCS quantifies an individual’s pain experience by factoring in total rumination, helplessness, and magnification (20).”
Background
The pros and cons of motor, memory, and emotion-related behavioral tests in the mouse traumatic brain injury model
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“Pain Catastrophizing scale [170] Hot pain test [171]”
Background
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Parolini, F. C. S., Goethel, M. F., Becker, K. M., Fernandes, C., Fernandes, R. J., Ervilha, U. F., Santos, R. S., & Vilas‐Boas, J. P. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11072042 · Cited by 19
“The input layer was composed of socioanthropometric dimension-related variables (age, sex, body mass, height, and body mass index) and data from the Oswestry disability index I [31]; depression, anxiety, and stress scale [32]; and pain catastrophizing daily [33] questionnaire scores.”
BackgroundMethod
The Effect of Pain Catastrophizing on Depression among Older Korean Adults with Chronic Pain: The Mediating Role of Chronic Pain Interference and Sleep Quality
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Comparative efficacy of a single-session “Empowered Relief” videoconference-delivered group intervention for chronic pain: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
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Self-citation
Potential Role of Pain Catastrophic Thinking in Comorbidity Patients of Depression and Chronic Pain
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“0 to 52, and higher scores indicate more serious pain-related thoughts (15).”
BackgroundInfluential
Perioperative Sleep Disturbance Following Mastectomy
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Effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on pain, knee function, and psychological status in patients after primary total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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“Pain catastrophizing is a reliable psychological predictor of adverse outcomes after TKA surgery [34].”
Background
Short-Term Effects of Whole-Body Photobiomodulation on Pain, Quality of Life and Psychological Factors in a Population Suffering from Fibromyalgia: A Triple-Blinded Randomised Clinical Trial
Ledesma, S. N., Carroll, J. D., Burton, P., & González-Muñoz, A. (2022) · Pain and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40122-022-00450-5 · Cited by 20
Anterior cingulate cortex regulates pain catastrophizing-like behaviors in rats
Jee, H. J., Zhu, E., Sun, M., Liu, W., Zhang, Q., & Wang, J. (2023) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-023-01060-8 · Cited by 17
“Salient features of pain catastrophizing include prior pain experiences, expectation of future pain experience, and magnification of pain aversion [9].”
BackgroundInfluential
Outcomes of whole-body photobiomodulation on pain, quality of life, leisure physical activity, pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and self-efficacy: a prospective randomized triple-blinded clinical trial with 6 months of follow-up
Ledesma, S. N., Carroll, J. D., González-Muñoz, A., & Burton, P. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1264821 · Cited by 18
Early-stage postoperative depression and anxiety following orthognathic surgery: a cross-sectional study
Zhou, D., Wang, L., Wu, H., Gao, L., & Yang, X. (2024) · BMC Anesthesiology · doi:10.1186/s12871-024-02726-z · Cited by 15
“An analysis of a large population from a national database that underwent major surgery showed that the incidence of new onset postoperative depression ranged from 6.8% to 18.8% and that the risk of postoperative depression differed by surgical type [16].”
BackgroundInfluential
Examination of mechanism effects in cognitive behavioral therapy and pain education: analyses of weekly assessments
Burns, J. W., Gerhart, J. I., Dyke, B. P. V., Moraís, C. A., Newman, A. K., & Thorn, B. E. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002237 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
Pain catastrophizing
Thompson, O. J., Powell-Roach, K. L., Taylor, J. L., Terry, E. L., & Booker, S. Q. (2022) · Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.nurse.0000823252.50782.45 · Cited by 15
Psychological disorders in patients with chronic postoperative inguinal pain
Miller, B., Scheman, J., Petro, C., Beffa, L., Prabhu, A., Rosen, M., & Krpata, D. (2022) · Hernia · doi:10.1007/s10029-022-02662-2 · Cited by 13
Short- and long-term effects of whole-body photobiomodulation on pain, functionality, tissue quality, central sensitisation and psychological factors in a population suffering from fibromyalgia: protocol for a triple-blinded randomised clinical trial
Ledesma, S. N., González-Muñoz, A., Carroll, J. D., & Burton, P. (2022) · Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease · doi:10.1177/20406223221078095 · Cited by 15
Cannabidiol in low back pain: scientific rationale for clinical trials in low back pain
Xantus, G. Z., Závori, L., Matheson, C., Gyarmathy, V. A., Fazekas, L. M., & Kanizsai, P. (2021) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2021.1917379 · Cited by 14
“Numeric Rating Scale, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Quebec Back Pain Disability Assessment Scale (QPDAS) [31,32]”
Method
The Influence of Expectancies on Pain and Function Over Time After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Carrière, J. S., Martel, M. O., Loggia, M. L., Campbell, C. M., Smith, M. T., Haythornthwaite, J. A., & Edwards, R. R. (2022) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnac067 · Cited by 14
Kinesiotherapy in chronic back pain and combined tension type headache
Александровна, Г. А., & Golovacheva, V. A. (2023) · Russian neurological Journal · doi:10.30629/2658-7947-2023-28-3-61-68 · Cited by 14
Leveraging Single-Case Experimental Designs to Promote Personalized Psychological Treatment: Step-by-Step Implementation Protocol with Stakeholder Involvement of an Outpatient Clinic for Personalized Psychotherapy
Scholten, S., Schemer, L., Herzog, P., Haas, J. W., Heider, J., Winter, D., Reis, D., & Glombiewski, J. A. (2024) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-024-01363-5 · Cited by 19
“For example, patients will be involved via cognitive interviews to ensure the comprehensibility of the items (Darnall et al., 2017).”
Chronic Lumbar Pain and Insomnia in College-Aged Students
Hamaoka, K., Ashizawa, R., Hida, M., Suganuma, I., & Yoshimoto, Y. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10040701 · Cited by 14
“Scores range from 0 to 52 points, where ≥30 is judged to be catastrophic for pain [36].”
Background
Factors affecting the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of ocular surface pain
Sánchez, V., Cohen, N. K., Felix, E. R., & Galor, A. (2022) · Expert Review of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1080/17469899.2023.2157813 · Cited by 14
Long-term subjective results and radiologic prognosis of a distal radius fracture in working-aged patients – a prognostic cohort study of 201 patients
Hevonkorpi, T. P., Raittio, L., Vähä-Tuisku, S., Launonen, A. P., & Mattila, V. M. (2021) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/03000605211060985 · Cited by 13
Development and Validation of Short Forms of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (F-PCS-5) and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (F-TSK-6) in Musculoskeletal Chronic Pain Patients
Carré, J. L., Lüthi, F., Burrus, C., Konzelmann, M., Vuistiner, P., Léger, B., & Benaïm, C. (2023) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s379337 · Cited by 13
Pain Assessment in Oral Medicine through Its Different Dimensions: A Comprehensive Review
Scribante, A., Pellegrini, M., Pulicari, F., Ghizzoni, M., Modugno, F. P., & Spadari, F. (2023) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj11110246 · Cited by 15
Beyond pain catastrophizing: rationale and recommendations for targeting trauma in the assessment and treatment of chronic pain
Yamin, J. B., Meints, S. M., & Edwards, R. R. (2024) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2024.2311275 · Cited by 13
“Reduction in PC is a key mechanism through which gold standard, widely-adopted psychological treatments for chronic pain, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), are purported to improve pain-related outcomes [4–7].”
Background
Use of Bedside Entertainment and Relaxation Theater (BERT) to Reduce Fear and Anxiety Associated With Outpatient Procedures in Pediatric Orthopaedics
Richey, A. E., Khoury, M., Segovia, N. A., Hastings, K. G., Caruso, T. J., Frick, S. L., & Rodríguez, S. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics · doi:10.1097/bpo.0000000000002005 · Cited by 13
Case Report: The Imperfect Association Between Craniofacial Lesion Burden and Pain in Fibrous Dysplasia
Golden, E., Zhang, F., Selen, D. J., Ebb, D. H., Romo, L. V., Drubach, L. A., Shah, N. A., O’Donnell, L. J., Lemme, J. D., Myers, R., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.855157 · Cited by 13
“In conjunction with experiencing severe pain, Patient B presented with a clinically relevant level of pain catastrophizing–a maladaptive cognitive and emotional response to pain (19, 20).”
Background
A Single-Group Study on the Effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Patients with Chronic Migraine Associated with Medication Overuse Headache: Pain Catastrophizing Plays a Role
Grazzi, L., Montisano, D. A., Rizzoli, P. B., Guastafierro, E., Marcassoli, A., Fornari, A., & Raggi, A. (2023) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins15020086 · Cited by 13
Evaluation of the Empower Veterans Program for Military Veterans With Chronic Pain
Uche (2022) · Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management · doi:10.12788/jcom.0089 · Cited by 8
Translation, cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) into Bengali in patients with chronic non‐malignant musculoskeletal pain
Majumder, M. S. M., Ahmed, S., Shazzad, M. N., Hasan, A. T. M. T., Haq, S. A., & Rasker, J. J. (2020) · International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1111/1756-185x.13954 · Cited by 13
“Pain catastrophizing has been associated with poor pain treatment response in patients with chronic pain (9).”
BackgroundInfluential
Comparison of physical and psychological health outcomes for motorcyclists and other road users after land transport crashes: an inception cohort study
Sharwood, L. N., Kifley, A., Craig, A. R., Gopinath, B., Jagnoor, J., & Cameron, I. D. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12003-0 · Cited by 12
“The pain catastrophizing scale was used to enable qualification of an individual’s perceived threat value of the pain stimulus and was scored from 0 to 52 where higher scores indicate higher levels of perceived threat [39].”
Method
Persistent pain management in an oncology population through pain neuroscience education, a multimodal program: PaiNEd randomized clinical trial protocol
Fernández-Gualda, M. Á., Ariza‐Vega, P., Lozano‐Lozano, M., Cantarero‐Villanueva, I., Martín‐Martín, L., Castro‐Martín, E., Arroyo‐Morales, M., Martín, I. T., López-Garzón, M., Postigo-Martín, P., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0290096 · Cited by 12
Laparoscopic mesh removal for chronic postoperative inguinal pain following endoscopic hernia repair: a cohort study on the effect on pain
Slooter, C. D., Perquin, C. W., Zwaans, W. A. R., Roumen, R. M. H., Scheltinga, M. R., & Slooter, G. D. (2022) · Hernia · doi:10.1007/s10029-022-02712-9 · Cited by 10
The Association Between Perceived Injustice and Opioid Craving in Patients With Chronic Pain: The Mediating Role of Daily Pain Intensity, Negative Affect, and Catastrophizing
Verner, M., Sirois, A., Coutu-Nadeau, E., Fournier, C., Carrière, J. S., & Martel, M. O. (2022) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000001022 · Cited by 10
An integrative review of the evidence for Shinrin-Yoku (Forest Bathing) in the management of depression and its potential clinical application in evidence-based osteopathy
Doran-Sherlock, R., Devitt, S., & Sood, P. (2023) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.04.038 · Cited by 13
“…period following an acute musculoskeletal (MSK) injury, the co-occurrence of depression increases the probability of a patient developing persistent pain (Currie and Wang, 2005) and is associated with fear-avoidant behaviour and catastrophising cognitions (Baez et al., 2018; Darnall et al., 2017).”
Influential
Alcohol and marijuana co‐use among adults with chronic low back pain: Associations with substance misuse, mental health, and pain experience
Ferrie, M. L., Rogers, A. H., Zvolensky, M. J., & Buckner, J. D. (2022) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.13343 · Cited by 10
Health literacy in women with chronic pelvic pain
Bennis, S. A., Pham, Y., Tseng, I., Malisch, B., Joyce, C., & Fitzgerald, C. M. (2023) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-023-07066-w · Cited by 10
“The PCS-EN is a thirteen-item questionnaire that measures catastrophizing with three subscales: rumination, magnification, and helplessness [15].”
Background
Multimodal digital health treatments for Chronic Migraine associated with Medication Overuse Headache: a literature appraisal and results of a single-arm open trial (the BE-HOME program)
Grazzi, L., Montisano, D. A., D’Amico, D., Altamura, C., Raggi, A., Rizzoli, P. B., & Marcassoli, A. (2024) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-024-07568-8 · Cited by 10
“Pain catastrophizing, i.e. an exaggerated negative mental set brought to bear during actual or anticipated painful experience, was measured with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) [27].”
Relationships Between Changes in Forward Bending, Pain Catastrophizing, and Pain Self-Efficacy During Cognitive Functional Therapy for People With Chronic Low Back Pain
Chang, R., Campbell, A., Kent, P. M., O’Sullivan, P., Hancock, M. J., Hoffman, L., & Smith, A. J. (2025) · Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy · doi:10.2519/jospt.2025.13114 · Cited by 9
Depression and Anxiety Screening Identifies Patients That may Benefit From Treatment Regardless of Existing Diagnoses
Lippold, B., Tarkunde, Y. R., Cheng, A. L., Hannon, C. P., Adelani, M. A., & Calfee, R. P. (2022) · Arthroplasty Today · doi:10.1016/j.artd.2022.01.032 · Cited by 10
“Anxiety is also inter-related with the experience of pain and coping [58,59].”
Immediate Effects of Dry Needling on Central Pain Processing and Skin Conductance in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Navarro‐Santana, M. J., Valera‐Calero, J. A., Romanos-Castillo, G., Hernández-González, V. C., Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., López‐de‐Uralde‐Villanueva, I., & Plaza‐Manzano, G. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11226616 · Cited by 9
“The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a 12-item questionnaire answered in a 5-point Likert scale (where 0 means “never” and 4 means “always”) commonly used for assessing different catastrophizing behaviors against pain including rumination (constant worry and inability to inhibit thoughts related to pain), magnifica…”
Method
Patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs): Use during the physical therapy practice and associated factors
Otero-Ketterer, E., Peñacoba, C., Valera‐Calero, J. A., Galán-del-Río, F., & Ortega‐Santiago, R. (2023) · Musculoskeletal Science and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.msksp.2023.102744 · Cited by 11
Characterization and burden of localized back pain versus back pain with chronic overlapping pain conditions
Terkawi, A. S., Popat, R. A., & Mackey, S. (2023) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.13267 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Pain Catastrophizing, Kinesiophobia, Stress, Depression, and Poor Resiliency Are Associated With Pain and Dysfunction in the Hip Preservation Population.
Nasir, M., Scott, E. J., & Westermann, R. W. (2023) · PubMed Central · Cited by 9
Multidisciplinary Digital Therapeutics for Chronic Low Back Pain Versus In-Person Therapeutic Exercise with Education: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
Kang, D.-H., Park, J. H., Yoon, C., Choi, C.-H., Lee, S., Park, T. H., Chang, S. Y., & Jang, S. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13237377 · Cited by 8
“All Psychological status was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) [23], Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) [24], and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) at baseline and 8 and 12 weeks [25]. analyses were performed using SAS software (version 9.4), with the significance…”
Influential
Opioid coping motives and pain intensity among adults with chronic low back pain: associations with mood, pain reactivity, and opioid misuse
Rogers, A. H., Heggeness, L. F., Smit, T., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-023-00416-8 · Cited by 8
Feasibility and Acceptability of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction and Prenatal Sleep Classes for Poor Prenatal Sleep Quality: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Felder, J. N., Mirchandaney, R., Manber, R., Cuneo, J., Krystal, A. D., Solomon, N., Janette, S., Zhang, L., Moran, P. J., Mashash, M., et al. (2024) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2024.2359415 · Cited by 8
“Fourteen items assessed ways of responding to pain or discomfort previously shown or theorized to be associated with sleep quality (e.g., pain acceptance (McCracken et al., 2011) and pain catastrophizing (Darnall et al., 2017) or mindfulness training (Table 5).”
Development of a New and Simple Postoperative Pain Fear Scale for Elective Surgeries in Adult Patients
Ünver, S., & Turan, F. N. (2021) · Medical Bulletin of Haseki · doi:10.4274/haseki.galenos.2021.7225 · Cited by 7
“In the literature, the Cronbach’s alpha values of the developed Experience of Cognitive Intrusion of Pain scale was 0.94 and of the developed Daily Pain Catastrophizing scale was 0.892 for the total score (34,35).”
Influential
Does Addressing Mental Health During a Musculoskeletal Specialty Care Visit Affect Patient-rated Clinician Empathy?
Ngoue, M., Lam, R., Pierson, S. R., Smoot, J., Ring, D., & Crijns, T. (2022) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/corr.0000000000002494 · Cited by 7
“The four-item version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale was used to measure unhelpful thoughts in the form of catastrophic thinking [9, 23].”
Method
The Contribution of Sleep Quality and Psychological Factors to the Experience of Within-Day Pain Fluctuations Among Individuals With Temporomandibular Disorders
Babiloni, A. H., Provost, C., Charlebois‐Plante, C., Koninck, B. P. D., Apinis-Deshaies, A., Beaumont, L. D., Lavigne, G. J., & Martel, M. O. (2024) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104576 · Cited by 9
The Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Pelvic Floor Muscles in Chronic Pelvic Pain Patients: A Double‐Blinded Randomised Controlled Trial
Spruijt, M. A., Klerkx, W. M., Notten, K. J. B., van Eijndhoven, H., Speksnijder, L., Kerkhof, M. H., & Kluivers, K. B. (2024) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.17991 · Cited by 7
Spatiotemporal patterns of pain distribution and recall accuracy: a dose-response study
Villa, M. G., Palsson, T. S., & Boudreau, S. A. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2021-0032 · Cited by 7
Patterns of opioid use in adolescents receiving prescriptions: The role of psychological and pain factors.
Wilson, A. C., Morasco, B. J., Holley, A. L., & Ewing, S. W. F. (2020) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/amp0000697 · Cited by 7
“Future work might consider pain catastrophizing in the moment (Darnall et al., 2017), which has been related to opioid use in other pediatric diary studies (A.”
Background
A Comparative Study of a Novel Postural Garment Versus Exercise for Women with Nonspecific Cervical Pain
Avellanet, M., Boada-Pladellorens, A., Pagès, E., Josa, A. D., Bernadó, B. S., Pfeifer, M. A., & Gea, E. (2021) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000004123 · Cited by 7
“Secondary outcomes included cervical pain-related disability, measured with the validated Spanish version of Neck Disability Index (NDI),(17) and psychological factors, assessed with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS).(18) We assessed physical activity with the International Physical Activity questionnaire (IPAQ)(19…”
Method
The Interaction Between Psychosocial Factors and Exercise-Induced Hypoalgesia in Pain-Free Nurses
Johnsen, K., Owen, P. J., Tagliaferri, S. D., Oosterwijck, J. V., Fitzgibbon, B. M., Ford, J. J., Belavý, D. L., & Miller, C. T. (2023) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s386440 · Cited by 11
The effect of implementation of pain neuroscience education and rehabilitation exercise on post-operative pain and recovery after laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Peng, L., Song, Y., Lv, B., & Jing, C. (2023) · Journal of Anesthesia · doi:10.1007/s00540-023-03235-y · Cited by 6

Authors: Darnall, B. D., Sturgeon, J. A., Cook, K. F., Taub, C. J., Roy, A., Burns, J. W., Sullivan, M., & Mackey, S. C.
Affiliations: Stanford Medicine (US)
Northwestern University (US)
Rush University (US)
The University of Queensland (AU)
Corresponding author: Darnall, Beth D.
ORCID: Darnall, Beth D.
Sturgeon, John A.
Cook, Karon F.
Taub, Chloe J.
Roy, Anuradha
Burns, John W.
Sullivan, Michael
Mackey, Sean C.
Venue: The Journal of Pain
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-09
Volume: 18
Issue: 9
Pages: 1139-1149
ISSN: 1526-5900 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.05.003
PMC: PMC5581222
OpenAlex: W2614350387
Cited by: 264
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1
FWCI: 4.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 2201 d)
Locations: Journal of Pain (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (K24DA029262, K24DA053564, T32DA035165, HHSN271201200728P)
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (P01AT006651, R01AT008561)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
Keywords: pain catastrophizing, chronic pain, scale development, cognitive interviewing, unidimensionality, factor structure, self-regulation, pain mechanisms, pain intensity, sleep, physical activity, positive affect
MeSH terms: Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Delphi Technique, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Medical Records, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Time Factors, Qualitative Research, Multilevel Analysis, Catastrophization, Chronic Pain

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Development and Validation of a Daily Pain Catastrophizing Scale

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