Minimizing mass-transport loss in proton exchange membrane fuel cell by freeze-drying of cathode catalyst layers
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Freeze-drying removes the solvent directly from the solid phase to the vapor phase through sublimation, which results in an increase in porosity compared to other drying methods.
“Freeze-drying, commonly known as lyophilization, comprises the removal of the solvent directly from the solid phase to the vapor phase through sublimation, which results in an increase in porosity compared to other drying methods.”
From Recent Advances on PEM Fuel Cells: From Key Materials to Membrane Electrode Assembly (2023) · cites this paper as [214]
Freeze-drying increases porosity and forms a broader distribution of pores from the microscale up to the macroscale, thus improving Pt utilization.
“This not only increases porosity but also forms a broader distribution of pores from the microscale up to the macroscale, thus improving Pt utilization [214,215].”
From Recent Advances on PEM Fuel Cells: From Key Materials to Membrane Electrode Assembly (2023) · cites this paper as [214]
After freeze-drying, the porosity of the catalytic layer is higher than that obtained by using other drying methods.
“As shown in Fig. 19, after freeze-drying, the porosity of the catalytic layer is higher than that by using other drying methods.”
From Recent Advances on PEM Fuel Cells: From Key Materials to Membrane Electrode Assembly (2023) · cites this paper as [214]
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- Authors
- Talukdar, K., Delgado, S., Lagarteira, T., Gazdzicki, P., & Friedrich, K. A.
- Affiliations
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR) (DE)
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- University of Stuttgart (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Talukdar, Krishan
- Venue
- Journal of Power Sources
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-07
- Volume
- 427
- Pages
- 309-317
- ISSN
- 0378-7753 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2941490373
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 2.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2020-07-31)
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Power Sources (publishedVersion)
- elib (German Aerospace Center) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- DAAD
- ERASUMS
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Fuel Cells and Related Materials
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
- Keywords
- proton exchange membrane fuel cells, freeze-drying, cathode catalyst layer, platinum utilization, membrane electrode assembly, electrode drying, porosity, electrochemically active surface area, ionomer distribution, electrolyte resistance, low platinum loading, mass transport losses
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