The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 7 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients' mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK.
Open accessAbstract
Background COVID-19 has affected social interaction and healthcare worldwide.Methods We examined changes in presentations and referrals to the primary provider of mental health and community health services in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK (population ~0·86 million), plus service activity and deaths. We conducted interrupted time series analyses with respect to the time of UK "lockdown", which was shortly before the peak of COVID-19 infections in this area. We examined changes in standardized mortality ratio for those with and without severe mental illness (SMI).Results Referrals and presentations to nearly all mental and physical health services dropped at lockdown, with evidence for changes in both supply (service provision) and demand (help-seeking). This was followed by an increase in demand for some services. This pattern was seen for all major forms of presentation to liaison psychiatry services, except for eating disorders, for which there was no evidence of change. Inpatient numbers fell, but new detentions under the Mental Health Act were unchanged. Many services shifted from face-to-face to remote contacts. Excess mortality was primarily in the over-70s. There was a much greater increase in mortality for patients with SMI, which was not explained by ethnicity.Conclusions COVID-19 has been associated with a system-wide drop in the use of mental health services, with some subsequent return in activity. "Supply" changes may have reduced access to mental health services for some. "Demand" changes may reflect a genuine reduction of need or a lack of help-seeking with pent-up demand. There has been a disproportionate increase in death among those with SMI during the pandemic.
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“to our knowledge, no previous observational study has reported the impact of the pandemic on clinical mental health services”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Introduction
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“The excess of deaths in 2020 was predominantly in the over-70s (Fig. 5B).”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > RESULTS > Deaths
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“Inpatient numbers fell”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Abstract > Results
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“which was not explained by ethnicity”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Rests on an assumption: Lifetime coded ICD-10 diagnoses adequately identify severe mental illness despite possible under-coding.
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“for example, referrals to crisis teams did not change for those with SMI”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > RESULTS > Presentations and referrals to MH services
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- Rests on an assumption: Lifetime coded ICD-10 diagnoses adequately identify severe mental illness despite possible under-coding.
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“There was no evidence for a change in the use of the MHA, either within the MH service or by police”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > RESULTS > Mental Health Act
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“Inter-ward transfers were reduced effectively”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > RESULTS > MH inpatient activity
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“apart from EIP services (for which there was no significant change)”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > RESULTS > Presentations and referrals to MH services
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“Likewise, no previous study has provided direct evidence of the impact of COVID-19 on mortality for those with severe mental illness (SMI;”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Introduction
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“Many services shifted from face-to-face to remote contacts.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Abstract > Results
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“Attendance at the MIU that remained open dropped dramatically at lockdown and increased slightly thereafter, despite the closure of two other MIUs”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > RESULTS > PH presentations, referrals, and contacts
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“There was a substantial reduction in LP referrals from the ED followed by a slow increase”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > RESULTS > Presentations and referrals to MH services
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“There was a much greater increase in mortality for patients with SMI”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Abstract > Results
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- Rests on an assumption: Lifetime coded ICD-10 diagnoses adequately identify severe mental illness despite possible under-coding.
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In the paper
“COVID-19 has been associated with a system-wide drop in the use of mental health services, with some subsequent return in activity.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Abstract > Conclusions
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“Both detained and voluntary inpatient numbers dropped sharply at lockdown”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > RESULTS > MH inpatient activity
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“All types of presentation dropped at lockdown and then increased towards normal levels, except presentation with psychosis/mood elevation (small sustained reduction) or eating disorders (no significant change)”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > RESULTS > Presenting MH problems
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“Face-to-face contacts fell across age groups, with an increase in non-face-to-face contacts”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > RESULTS > PH presentations, referrals, and contacts
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“The same patterns were seen for patients with and without SMI, except that the admission rate did not drop significantly for those with SMI”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > RESULTS > MH inpatient activity
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Lifetime coded ICD-10 diagnoses adequately identify severe mental illness despite possible under-coding.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“a small immediate drop in triage assessments by that service (p < 0·05) with no significant change thereafter”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > RESULTS > Presentations and referrals to MH services
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In the paper
“This pattern was seen for all major forms of presentation to liaison psychiatry services, except for eating disorders, for which there was no evidence of change.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Abstract > Results
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“LP referrals from wards dropped sharply then gradually increased back to normal”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > RESULTS > Presentations and referrals to MH services
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“These changes were substantial and sustained.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > RESULTS > MH contacts and documentation
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“None of these effects were observed.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Discussion > Mental health presentations
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In the paper
“There was no evidence that suppression of demand in some services led to “redistribution” to any other service, with no increase in demand for MH emergency services (111, crisis teams, ED), even for services permitting self-referral and remote consultation (111).”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Discussion > Summary
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In the paper
“The reduction in presentations to the open MIU was abrupt and dramatic, and occurred despite the closure of two others in the area.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Discussion > Physical health presentations
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In the paper
“We show a reduction in demand as well as supply during the early phase of the pandemic for MH and community PH services covering a population of ~0·86 million.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Discussion > Conclusions
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In the paper
“which has a population of ~0·86 million (Office for National Statistics, 2020a)”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > METHODS > Service overview
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Office for National Statistics, 2020a
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In the paper
“Service reorganization may therefore have contributed.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > RESULTS > Presentations and referrals to MH services
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In the paper
“We truncated the last 7 days of SystmOne death data, to allow for delays in death reporting to the NHS Spine (lag estimated), and 14 days of RiO death data, to allow for additional delays in Spine-to-RiO updates.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > METHODS > Dates
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“We truncated the last 7 days of RiO contact data, to allow for delays in recording appointment outcomes (lag estimated).”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > METHODS > Dates
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“Since Black, Asian, and minority ethnic (BAME) groups are at disproportionate hazard compared to White ethnic groups of contracting COVID-19, hospital admission, critical care admission, and death from COVID-19 (UK Government Office for Science, 2020)”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > METHODS > Analyses: mortality
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites UK Government Office for Science, 2020
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In the paper
“suggesting higher acuity”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > RESULTS > MH inpatient activity
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In the paper
“with evidence for changes in both supply (service provision) and demand (help-seeking)”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Abstract > Results
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“We obtained data from four clinical records systems (RiO, SystmOne, PCMIS, and Epic; see Supplementary Methods), representing all clinical records systems for CPFT plus one for services provided by CPFT within another Trust (Epic).”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > METHODS > Data sources
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In the paper
““Demand” changes may reflect a genuine reduction of need or a lack of help-seeking with pent-up demand.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Abstract > Conclusions
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In the paper
“they do not prove causation.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Discussion > Strengths and weaknesses
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In the paper
“The sustained reduction in admissions, at least for those without SMI, suggests also a changed threshold for admission—though not for detention and by inference probably therefore for voluntary admission.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Discussion > Inpatient stays
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In the paper
“Changes in referrals to some services may have reflected changes to “demand” or “supply” or both, though activity in other services was more clearly led by patient help-seeking (demand).”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Discussion > Strengths and weaknesses
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In the paper
“Given the lack of change in new MHA detentions, we suggest that Responsible Clinicians perceived an increase in the risk of being admitted (relating to COVID-19 transmission) that shifted the risk/benefit balance, near the end of a detained admission, towards earlier discharge.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Discussion > Inpatient stays
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In the paper
“Mortality data was available via national reporting mechanisms for all MH patients, but only for PH patients with open referrals to CPFT, and mortality data may be incomplete if delays in national reporting exceeded 7 days.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Discussion > Strengths and weaknesses
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In the paper
“a recommended approach for evaluating changes in routine data associated with a well-defined event (Bernal et al., 2017)”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Discussion > Strengths and weaknesses
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Bernal et al., 2017
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These data represent a relatively comprehensive view of NHS-provided MH services in one geographical area (because CPFT provides psychological therapy and all secondary MH care to the entire population of C&P), making it less likely that decreases were compensated for by help-seeking via another NHS service.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Discussion > Strengths and weaknesses
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: CPFT provides psychological therapy and all secondary mental health care to the entire population of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whilst a reduction in help-seeking cannot be excluded (injuries still occurring but people not seeking medical attention or presenting to an ED instead)”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Discussion > Physical health presentations
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this suggests that there is patient need but that help-seeking has been transiently suppressed.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Discussion > Conclusions
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“suggests a degree of temporal shift in mortality, i.e. that some patients died earlier within 2020 than they would otherwise have done.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Discussion > Mortality
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The data are less comprehensive for PH services, but sufficient to allow some comparison of health-seeking and mortality in the two domains.”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Discussion > Strengths and weaknesses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In contrast, suicide rates fall during wars that increase social cohesion by uniting a population against a common foe (Pridmore et al., 2018).”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Discussion > Mental health presentations
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Pridmore et al., 2018
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For some services there were “unmeasured” alternatives (e.g. MH support from charities; support for children from the Local Authority).”
§ The early impact of COVID-19 on mental health and community physical health services and their patients’ mortality in Cambridgeshire and Peterborough, UK > Discussion > Strengths and weaknesses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
CPFT is the sole provider of all secondary care mental health services to Cambridgeshire and Peterborough.
“CPFT) provides community PH services, psychological therapy services, and all secondary care MH services (including some embedded within primary care) to C&P”
The paper relies on this without support.
Lifetime coded ICD-10 diagnoses adequately identify severe mental illness despite possible under-coding.
“Any under-coding of diagnosis was unmeasured.”
The paper relies on this without support.
CPFT provides psychological therapy and all secondary mental health care to the entire population of Cambridgeshire and Peterborough.
“because CPFT provides psychological therapy and all secondary MH care to the entire population of C&P”
The paper relies on this without support.
For some services, activity is driven by patient self-presentation rather than service supply.
“For some services, though, activity is driven by patient self-presentation (e.g. 111 crisis calls, attendance at EDs/MIUs) yet activity dropped nonetheless.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The studies showed either a reduction ( Chen et al., 2020; Hernandez-Calle et al., 2020; Smalley et al., 2021) or no change ( Sade et al., 2020; Titov et al., 2020) in presentations to health/mental health services or self-reported suicidal thoughts, with the majority making comparisons to the same time in 2019.”
From The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: update of living systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Eight studies reported a decrease in self-harm/suicide attempts during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic ( Capuzzi et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2020; Goncalves-Pinho et al., 2021; Hewson et al., 2020; McIntyre et al., 2020; Pignon et al., 2020; Rajput et al., 2020; Walker et al., 2020).”
From The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: update of living systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2020
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, this new situation with the imposed social and physical restrictions may have also introduced additional barriers to accessing informal and formal help-seeking for mental health problems in youths, similarly to adults [53,54].”
From Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health Outcomes in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [53]
Citations
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Rogers, J. P., Chesney, E., Oliver, D., Pollak, T. A., McGuire, P., Fusar-Poli, P., Zandi, M. S., Lewis, G., & David, A. S. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30203-0 · Cited by 2,407 · cited 1×
“, 2020) and other neuropsychiatric complications, in which endothelial involvement and bradykinin dysregulation may be important (Varatharaj et al., 2020; Zubair et al., 2020; Romoli et al., 2020; Rogers et al., 2020; Garvin et al., 2020; Roche and Roche, 2020).”
BackgroundSuicide risk and prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic
Gunnell, D., Appleby, L., Arensman, E., Hawton, K., John, A., Kapur, N., Khan, M., O'Connor, R. C., Pirkis, J., Appleby, L., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30171-1 · Cited by 1,513
Varatharaj, A., Thomas, N., Ellul, M. A., Davies, N. W. S., Pollak, T. A., Tenorio, E. L., Sultan, M., Easton, A., Breen, G., Zandi, M., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30287-x · Cited by 1,246
Zubair, A. S., McAlpine, L. S., Gardin, T., Farhadian, S., Kuruvilla, D. E., & Spudich, S. (2020) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2065 · Cited by 923
Introductory Statistics with R
Dalgaard, P. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/b97671 · Cited by 743
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nearchou, F., Flinn, C., Niland, R., Subramaniam, S. S., & Hennessy, E. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17228479 · Cited by 577
“Furthermore, this new situation with the imposed social and physical restrictions may have also introduced additional barriers to accessing informal and formal help-seeking for mental health problems in youths, similarly to adults [53,54].”
BackgroundMental health of children and young people during pandemic
Ford, T., John, A., & Gunnell, D. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n614 · Cited by 203
John, A., Eyles, E., Webb, R. T., Okolie, C., Schmidt, L., Arensman, E., Hawton, K., O'Connor, R. C., Kapur, N., Moran, P., et al. (2021) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.25522.2 · Cited by 189
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-harm and suicidal behaviour: a living systematic review
John, A., Okolie, C., Eyles, E., Webb, R. T., Schmidt, L., McGuinness, L. A., Olorisade, B. K., Arensman, E., Hawton, K., Kapur, N., et al. (2020) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.25522.1 · Cited by 178
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on alcohol use disorders and complications
Murthy, P., & Narasimha, V. L. (2021) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000720 · Cited by 138
Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, S., Jones, P. B., Underwood, B. R., Moore, A., Bullmore, E. T., Banerjee, S., Osimo, E. F., Deakin, J. B., Hatfield, C. F., Thompson, F. J., Artingstall, J. D., Slann, M. P., Lewis, J. R., & Cardinal, R. N.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Fulbourn Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Cardinal, Rudolf N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 131
- Pages
- 244-254
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7508053
- OpenAlex
- W3087124467
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 10.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Apollo
- Funders
- National Institute for Health Research
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, mental health services, standardized mortality ratio, severe mental illness, help-seeking, service supply and demand, lockdown, psychosomatic medicine, eating disorders, Mental Health Act detention, remote care, excess mortality, older adults
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Mental Disorders, Community Health Services, Community Mental Health Services, Female, United Kingdom, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Pneumonia, Viral, Referral and Consultation, Infection Control, Coronavirus Infections, Young Adult, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-06, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-06 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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