Cited by 413Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Treatment and AccessPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Normative values for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in the general German population

Hinz, Andreas, Brähler, Elmar·2011·Journal of Psychosomatic Research

DOI 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.01.005

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to present normative values for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).Methods A representative sample of the German general population (N=4410) was tested with the HADS.Results Females are more anxious than males, and older subjects are more depressed than younger subjects. The mean scores for anxiety / depression are 4.4 / 4.8 (males) and 5.0 / 4.7 (females). Using the cut-off 8+, the percentages of elevated anxiety and depression in the total sample are 21 % and 23 %, respectively. Regression analyses proved a linear but not a curvilinear age trend of anxiety and depression. Percentile rank norms are given for anxiety, depression, and the HADS total score.Conclusion The regression coefficients allow the calculation of expected mean scores for each age and gender distribution of any sample of patients. HADS mean scores are better suited to describe the degree of anxiety and depression in patient samples compared to percentages of subjects with elevated values.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.01.005

Cites

37 of 37 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

1 retracted

A psychometric evaluation of the Chinese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in patients with coronary heart disease
Wang, W., Chair, S. Y., Thompson, D. R., & Twinn, S. F. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02736.x · Cited by 119
Retracted
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139
The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Bjelland, I., Dahl, A. A., Haug, T. T., & Neckelmann, D. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00296-3 · Cited by 9,779
International experiences with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-A review of validation data and clinical results
Herrmann, C. (1997) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(96)00216-4 · Cited by 2,885
A validation study of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in different groups of Dutch subjects
SPINHOVEN, P., ORMEL, J., SLOEKERS, P. P. A., KEMPEN, G. I. J. M., SPECKENS, A. E. M., & HEMERT, A. M. V. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291796004382 · Cited by 2,158
Normative data for the HADS from a large non-clinical sample
Crawford, J. R., Henry, J. D., Crombie, C., & Taylor, E. P. (2001) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466501163904 · Cited by 815 · cited 2×
“Percentile norm values are only given in the British studies [17,18] with the very high anxiety mean scores.”
Background
Hospital anxiety and depression scale (had): Some psychometric data for a swedish sample
Lisspers, J., Nygren, A., & Söderman, E. (1997) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1997.tb10164.x · Cited by 706
Hospital anxiety and depression scale, Deutsche version (HADS-D)
Petermann, F. (2011) · Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1661-4747/a000077 · Cited by 558
Anxiety in cancer patients
Stark, D. P. H., & House, A. (2000) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1054/bjoc.2000.1405 · Cited by 431
Screening for anxiety and depression in cancer patients: the effects of disease and treatment
Ibbotson, T., Maguire, P., Selby, P., Priestman, T., & Wallace, L. (1994) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/s0959-8049(05)80015-2 · Cited by 421

Show all 37 references

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 413

Besonderheiten der orofazialen Schmerzempfindung
Steiger, B., & Ettlin, D. A. (2015) · Der Schmerz · doi:10.1007/s00482-015-1516-9 · Cited by 3
Die Stimmung in der deutschen Bevölkerung: Referenzwerte für den Mehrdimensionalen Befi ndlichkeitsfragebogen MDBF Mood in the German Population: Norms of the Multidimensional Mood Questionnaire MDBF
Hinz, A., Daig, I., Petrowski, K., Brähler, E., & Medizinische, A. F. (2012) · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Prevalence of anxiety disorders and association to socioeconomic position. Results from the Lolland Falster Health Study
Packness, A., Christensen, K. S., & Simonsen, E. H. (2023) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2022.2154836 · Cited by 3
Preferences of German and Swiss melanoma patients for toxicities versus melanoma recurrence during adjuvant treatment (GERMELATOX-A-trial)
Kähler, K. C., Hüning, S., Nashan, D., Meiss, F., Rafei-Shamsabadi, D. A., Rißmann, H., Colapietro, C., Livingstone, E., Maul, L. V., Heppt, M. V., et al. (2023) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-023-05027-z · Cited by 3
Psychological impact over time of women with pregnancy loss due to gestational trophoblastic disease compared with miscarriage
Blok, L., Eysbouts, Y. K., Lok, C. A. R., Coppus, S. F. P. J., Sweep, F. C. G. J., & Ottevanger, P. B. (2023) · International Journal of Gynecological Cancer · doi:10.1136/ijgc-2023-004639 · Cited by 3
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of medical students and young physicians in Germany: Gender-specific results of an online survey
Halfmann, M., Castioni, N., Wetzel, L., Koopmann, A., Koenig, S., & Schmieder, A. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23727 · Cited by 3
The Prevalence of Sexual Harassment and Bullying Among Norwegian Afghanistan Veterans: Does Workplace Harassment Disproportionately Impact the Mental Health and Life Satisfaction of Female Soldiers?
Rønning, L., Shor, R., Anyan, F., Hjemdal, O., Bøe, H. J., Dempsey, C. L., & Nordstrand, A. E. (2024) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605241248432 · Cited by 3
Psychological burden in patients with sellar masses under conservative and surgical management
Kalasauskas, D., Ernst, A., Mireri, S., Keric, N., Thavarajasingam, S. G., Omran, W., Wüster, C. C., Ringel, F. A., & Conrad, J. (2025) · Neurosurgical Review · doi:10.1007/s10143-025-03240-7 · Cited by 3
Physical and Mental Recovery after Aortic Valve Surgery in Non-Elderly Patients: Native Valve-Preserving Surgery vs. Prosthetic Valve Replacement
Holst, T., Petersen, J., Friedrich, S., Waschki, B., Sinning, C., Rybczynski, M., Reichenspurner, H. C., & Girdauskas, E. (2023) · Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease · doi:10.3390/jcdd10040138 · Cited by 3
Größere Patientenorientierung durch zertifizierte Zentren in der Onkologie?
Weißflog, G., Götze, H., Klinitzke, G., Distler, W., Brähler, E., & Ernst, J. (2011) · Zeitschrift für psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie · doi:10.13109/zptm.2011.57.4.343 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Wie geht es Menschen nach dem Tod eines schwerkranken Angehörigen? – Onlinebefragung zur psychischen Belastung und Versorgungszufriedenheit von Hinterbliebenen
Gottschalk-Fleischer, A., Köhler, N., Brähler, E., Mehnert, A., & Götze, H. (2017) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/s-0043-102181 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
Psychological distress and health-related quality of life in patients with bone marrow edema syndrome
Zippelius, T., Matziolis, G., Röhner, E., Windisch, C., Lindemann, C., & Strube, P. (2019) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm.2019.09.115 · Cited by 3
Psychische Belastung und Resilienz im Rahmen schwerer körperlicher Erkrankungen: eine Analyse dyadischer Zusammenhänge
Rosendahl, J., Jaenichen, D., Schmid, S., Färber, F., & Strauss, B. M. (2020) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/a-1151-5446 · Cited by 3
Quality of life after resection of a meningioma—A cross-cultural comparison of Indian and Australian patients
Schadewaldt, V., Cherkil, S., Panikar, D., & Drummond, K. J. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0275184 · Cited by 3
The ISAD (Infraslow Neurofeedback for Anxiety and Depression) Study: A Protocol for a Trans-Diagnostic, Randomized, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled, Dose-Response, Parallel-Group TrialPreprint
Perez, T. M., Glue, P., Adhia, D. B., Smith, M. J., Ridder, D. D., Zeng, J., Dillingham, P. W., & Niazi, I. K. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-173667/v1 · Cited by 3
Personality functioning and mental distress in leaders of small- and medium sized enterprises
Erschens, R. S., Schröpel, C., Adam, S. H., Gündel, H., Angerer, P., Dinger, U., Ehrenthal, J. C., Diebig, M., Hofmann, S., Gast, M., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0312675 · Cited by 2
Exploring Psychological Prehabilitation in Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: A Prospective Pilot Study
de Jong, D. L. C., Wegdam, J. A., Driessen, I. C. M., van Os, Y., Nienhuijs, S. W., & Reilingh, T. S. D. V. (2025) · Journal of Abdominal Wall Surgery · doi:10.3389/jaws.2025.15195 · Cited by 2
Psychological health in marginalised women living in witches’ camps in Ghana
Yakubu, Y. H., Siegert, R. J., Krägeloh, C. U., Aziato, L., & Holroyd, E. A. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-09183-9 · Cited by 2
Psychiatric and Psychosocial Characteristics of a Cohort of Spanish Individuals Attending Genetic Counseling Due to Risk for Genetically Conditioned Dementia
Sangrà, P. S., Peri, J. M., Sánchez‐Valle, R., Molinuevo, J. L., Barra, B. J., & Pintor, L. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports · doi:10.3233/adr-210067 · Cited by 2
Psychiatric Burden in Chronic Sinonasal Diseases: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Giombi, F., Canali, L., Zuppardo, J., Pace, G. M., Pirola, F., Ferreli, F., Mercante, G., Spriano, G., Cerasuolo, M., & Malvezzi, L. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.57471 · Cited by 2
Cognitive impairment in patients with melanoma before adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and associations with brain gray matter, catechol‐O‐methyltransferase genotype, and psychological factors
Danielsen, J. T., Zachariae, R. H., Schmidt, H., Kallehauge, J. F., Thomadsen, J. K., Wefel, J. S., Wu, L. M., & Amidi, A. (2024) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.35683 · Cited by 2
Protocol for olfactory training in persisting COVID-19-associated loss of smell (SMELL): a monocentric randomised controlled trial conducted in Innsbruck
Cleene, N. D., Jagusch, F., Schmutzhard, J., Gottfried, T. M., Peball, M., Djamshidian, A., Ellmerer, P., Goebel, G., Helbok, R., Kindl, P., et al. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094027 · Cited by 2
Distinction and mutual Influences between Parkinson's Disease‐related and unrelated Chronic Pain
Hunger, J., Brugger, F., Kägi, G., Möller, J. C., Hollenstein, N., Benninger, D. H., Tinazzi, M., Bally, J. F., Gonzenbach, R. R., de Andrade, D. C., et al. (2025) · Movement Disorders Clinical Practice · doi:10.1002/mdc3.70262 · Cited by 2
Evaluation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in Non-clinic Turkish Sample Using Item Response Theory Analysis
Tatar, A., & Ayhan, D. (2022) · doi:10.35365/ctjpp.22.1.09 · Cited by 2
Psychological Status in the Special Oral Care Patient
Engelen, M., & Celeste, C. M. (2016) · Dental Health Current Research · doi:10.4172/2470-0886.1000117 · Cited by 2
Effects of a tailored multidisciplinary counselling intervention to support the adjustment process after a traumatic injury: a randomized controlled trial
Hegy, J. K., Abegglen, S., Schade, V., Hoffmann‐Richter, U., & Znoj, H. (2021) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2021.1960442 · Cited by 2
The occurrence of neuropathic pain following surgery of brainstem cavernous malformations
Herten, A., Saban, D. V., Santos, A. N., Chen, B., Oppong, M. D., Rauschenbach, L., Jabbarli, R., Wrede, K. H., Bingel, U., Müller, D., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/ene.15179 · Cited by 2
La estructura factorial de la Escala hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión en pacientes adolescentes con enfermedad crónica
(2019) · Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria · doi:10.5546/aap.2019.252 · Cited by 2
Efficacy of hypnotherapy in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. A systematic review with meta-analysis
Markin, K. V., Temniy, A. V., & Викторович, Д. К. (2022) · Neurology Bulletin · doi:10.17816/nb107881 · Cited by 2
Leaders' mental health and leader‐member exchange: Exploring relations on different levels of analysis
Diebig, M., Gritzka, S., Gast, M., Erschens, R. S., Gündel, H., Hofmann, S., Junne, F., Schröpel, C., & Angerer, P. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.13057 · Cited by 2
Psychological well‐being in patients with aneurysms‐osteoarthritis syndrome
Bons, L. R., van den Hoven, A. T., Damirchi, A. E., van der Linde, D., Dekker, S., Kauling, R. M., van de Laar, I. M. B. H., Utens, E. M. W. J., Budde, R. P. J., & Roos‐Hesselink, J. W. (2019) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.61209 · Cited by 2
Depression, Anxiety and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and their Correlates among Adults in Central Vietnam
Trang, D. T. H. (2019) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.131606 · Cited by 2
Health-related quality-of-life in people living with HIV after switching to dual therapy with ritonavir-boosted darunavir + dolutegravir: a DUALIS sub-study
Olliges, E., Bührlen, B., Fischer, F., Boesecke, C., Kümmerle, T., Schneider, J., Weidlich, S., Cordes, C., Heiken, H., Stellbrink, H., et al. (2021) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2021.1916873 · Cited by 1
Aspectos psicológicos, sociales,religiosos y niveles de dependencia en adultos mayores de estrato bajo en la Costa Atlántica colombiana
Vinaccia, S., Velázquez, A. C., Pineda, P., Quiceno, J. M., Gómez-Acosta, A., Sequeda, G., & Matar-Khalil, S. (2023) · Diversitas · doi:10.15332/22563067.9108 · Cited by 1
Posttraumatic headache: pain related evoked potentials (PREP) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) to assess the pain modulatory function
Jessen, J., Höffken, O., Schwenkreis, P., Tegenthoff, M., Özgül, Ö. S., & Enax‐Krumova, E. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-67288-z · Cited by 1
Fatigue, anxiety, and cognitive effects in neurosurgical patients: a prospective multicenter longitudinal study
Jian, A., O’Neill, A., Dong, J., Hendoro, C., Lai, L., & Drummond, K. J. (2025) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2025.1.jns241195 · Cited by 1
Quality of life after risk reducing mastectomy in a Portuguese cohort of BRCA pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant carriers
Raposo, M., Peleteiro, B., Magalhães, A., Torres, S. M., Ínsua-Pereira, I., Guimarães, R., Garrido, L., Costa, S., & Fougo, J. L. (2025) · Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1007/s00432-025-06231-9 · Cited by 1
Worsening pain patterns and chronic post-surgical pain following total hip arthroplasty: A 6-month retrospective cohort study
Suzuki, Y., Tanaka, S., Imai, R., & Chiba, T. (2025) · Journal of Joint Surgery and Research · doi:10.1016/j.jjoisr.2025.07.001 · Cited by 1
Experiences of metastatic prostate cancer patients with a mainstream genetic testing pathway
Vlaming, M., Bleiker, E. M. A., Schijven, G., Kiemeney, L. A. L. M., van Melick, H. H. E., Hunting, J. C. B., Noordzij, M. A., Beeker, A., Somford, D. M., van der Poel, H. G., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.70194 · Cited by 1
Neurobiological and emotional impact of occupational stress in frontline police officers: a neuroimaging and neurochemical study
Wang, W.-Y., Lin, Y.-C., Liu, Y.-H., Lee, P., Lin, S.-H. N., Chang, L.-H., & Lin, C. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2025.2572187 · Cited by 1
The mediating role of illness perception in the association between psychological distress and symptom reporting in early-stage multiple sclerosis patients
Saposnik, F., Mauriño, J., de la Maza, S. S., Kwan, A. T. H., Castillo‐Triviño, T., & Gómez-Ballesteros, R. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2026.101023 · Cited by 1
Yoga in Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases: a Feasibility Trial
Buschulte, K., Kotzerke, M., Wasmuth, L., Ganter, C., Koczulla, R., Höger, P., Polke, M., Stenzel, N., & Kreuter, M. (2026) · Pneumologie · doi:10.1055/a-2831-6649 · Cited by 1
Effects of Intensive Early Physiotherapy Intervention After Myocardial Infarction on Quality of Life, Anxiety and Depression Scores: A Controlled Clinical Trial
Balla, K., Haase, K. K., & Wick, A. (2026) · Physiotherapy Research International · doi:10.1002/pri.70305 · Cited by 1
Kontrollgruppenbildung durch Propensity-Score-Matching: Die Rolle von Primär- und Sekundärdaten − Ergebnisse aus Präventionsstudien
Müller, G., Giurgiu, M., Heinzel‐Gutenbrunner, M., Bös, K., Kohlmann, T., & Bombana, M. (2020) · Zeitschrift für Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1016/j.zefq.2020.07.004 · Cited by 1
Psychological burden of the COVID-19 pandemic 6 months after the outbreak — the voice of the young doctors’ generation: An international survey
Czerwińska, K., Beneria, A., Bañeras, J., Kwasiborski, P. J., Velagapudi, P., Ijioma, N., Trêpa, M., Fekadu, C., Vandenbriele, C., Stratinaki, M., et al. (2022) · Kardiologia Polska · doi:10.33963/kp.a2022.0065 · Cited by 1
Vocal brain development in infants of mothers with serious mental illness (CAPRI-Voc): study protocol
Stibbs-Eaton, L., Hodgson, C., Kolade, A., Crowell, J., Gemignani, J., Hope, H. F., Pierce, M., Elmadih, A., Zhao, C., Downey, D., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053598 · Cited by 1
Methods of coping with neoplastic disease in men with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Mazur, M., Chorbińska, J., Nowak, Ł., Halska, U., Bańkowska, K., Sójka, A., Małkiewicz, B., Zdrojowy, R., Pałęga, A., Szydełko, T., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Urological Nursing · doi:10.1111/ijun.12329 · Cited by 1
Test of the Rehabilitation Goal Screening (ReGoS) Tool to Support Decision Making and Goal Setting in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Practice
Gutenbrunner, C. M., Korallus, C., Egen, C., Schiller, J., Sturm, C., Teixidó, L., Eckhardt, I., & Boekel, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192315562 · Cited by 1
Psychische Folgen intensivmedizinischer Behandlung von COVID-19 bei Patienten und Angehörigen
Schuster, M., Deffner, T., & Rosendahl, J. (2023) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/a-2112-2537 · Cited by 1
Clinical and Psychological Factors Influencing the Perceived Stress among Patients with Anxiety and Depression in Remission during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Stoyanova, V., Kamenova, I., & Vladimirova, R. (2024) · Acta Medica Bulgarica · doi:10.2478/amb-2024-0015 · Cited by 1
The Impact of Spine Injuries on Amateur Athletes: An Exploratory Analysis of Sport-Related Patient-Reported Outcomes
Raisch, P., Hirth, T., Kreinest, M., Vetter, S. Y., Grützner, P. A., & Jung, M. K. (2024) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports12080213 · Cited by 1
Caring for patients with Alagille syndrome: a multinational survey investigating the mental health and financial burden on caregivers
Lurz, E., Laborde, N., Smith, R. A. P., Bork, C., Dorey, L., Howard, R., Quadrado, L., Lacey, G., Terner-Rosenthal, J., Goldstein, A., et al. (2024) · Future Rare Diseases · doi:10.1080/23995270.2024.2394010 · Cited by 1
A Prospective Observational Study of a 2-Week Integrative Inpatient Therapy on Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Utz, S., Uecker, C., Kropač, S., & Langhorst, J. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13092144 · Cited by 1
Intrathecal opioids: equally efficacious at any age
Wolter, T., & Kleinmann, B. (2019) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-019-01434-w · Cited by 1
Impact of a Visual Support Dedicated to Prognosis on Symptoms of Stress of ICU Family Members: A Before-and-After Implementation Study
Burelli, G., Vincent, A., Mallard, J., Meffre, S., Maarek, A., Bonnet, S., Chapelle, C., Morel, J., & Beuret, P. (2021) · Critical Care Explorations · doi:10.1097/cce.0000000000000483 · Cited by 1
Exploring how crime analysts experience working with other people's traumatic material
Lavis, T. (2012) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham) · Cited by 1
The Patterns and Predictors of Physical Activity and its Impact on Cardiovascular Disease in Community Dwelling Older Adults
Kilroy, S. (2018) · Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin) · Cited by 1
Who should I bring? A qualitative examination of the role of the support person in the cancer genetic counseling appointment
Swartwood, R. M. (2014) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 1
Evaluation of applicability of the online version of HADS-D for depression phenotype screening in the general populationPreprint
Kibitov, A., Rakitko, A., Kasyanov, E. D., Rukavishnikov, G. V., Kozlova, K., Ilinsky, V. V., Незнанов, Н. Г., Mazo, G. E., & Kibitov, A. O. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.10.16.20213843 · Cited by 1
Assessing internalizing symptoms and their relation with levels of impairment: Evidence-based cutoffs for interpreting Inventory for Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS-II) scoresPreprint
la Rosa-Cáceres, A. D., Lozano, O. M., Sánchez‐García, M., Fernández‐Calderón, F., Rossi, G. M. P., & Díaz, C. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1725233/v1 · Cited by 1
Current status and influencing factors of pregnancy related anxiety in Chinese pregnant women: a cross sectional studyPreprint
Feng, F. U., Li, X., Zhang, Y. L., Yan, J., Ma, M., Duan, X., & Mao, X. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5781802/v1 · Cited by 1
Mental health needs in vulnerable youth populations
Irabor, J. (2014) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
INFLUENCES OF MAJOR WEIGHT LOSS IN WOMEN TREATED WITH BARIATRIC SURGERY ON THEIR PARTNERS' AND CHILDREN'S WEIGHT AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTIONING
Willmer, M. (2014) · Figshare
Aus der Medizinischen Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Kardiologie und Angiologie Interdisziplinäres Schlafmedizinisches Zentrum der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Weise, R. (2015)
Der Verlauf der Lebensqualität von Brustkrebspatientinnen in Abhängigkeit von Patientinnenmerkmalen und psychoonkologischem Angebot
Badtke, A. (2016) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-5843
DOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITÉ BORDEAUX II MENTION SOCIÉTÉ, POLITIQUE, SANTÉ PUBLIQUE SPÉCIALITÉ PSYCHOLOGIE
Doctorale, É. (2012)
Einfluss von Imaginationsübungen bei klimakterischen Beschwerden (IKB) auf menopausale Symptome und die Lebensqualität von Mammakarzinompatientinnen
Zimmermann, L. (2017) · doi:10.53846/goediss-6159
Understanding the nature and impact of mature-aged women's alcohol culture
Watling, H. (2016) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.101578
Psychischen Krisen vorbeugen – »Lebe Balance«
Müller, G., Lyssenko, L., Kleindienst, N., Junk, S., Pfinder, M., & Bohus, M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-54632-1_20
Psychosoziale Determinanten der Therapieadhärenz bei Patienten mit arteriellem Hypertonus
Lowin, E. (2018) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-6984
Adults with cystic fibrosis : mental health and patient experiences of the CF treatment
Eriksson, L. B. (2019) · Figshare
The effect of receiving mobile text messages on salivary cortisol levels in physiology students at the University of the Free State
Venter, F. P. (2019)
Распространенность тревоги и депрессии в различных регионах Российской Федерации и ее ассоциации с социально- демографическими факторами (по данным исследования ЭССЕ-РФ)
Minakov, V. (2014)
Impact of treatment dose on patient outcomes after Interdisciplinary Multimodal Pain TherapyPreprint
Baumbach, P., Richter, M., Schneider, J., Smolenski, U. C., Weiß, T., & Meißner, W. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-514829/v1
Impact de l’angiœdème héréditaire sur les activités de la vie quotidienne, la sphère émotionnelle et la qualité de vie des patients
Nicolas, A., Launay, D., Duprez, C., Isabelle, C., Sandrine, M. D., Sobanski, V., HACHULLA, E., Staumont-Sallé, D., Farhat, M. M., & Sanges, S. (2021) · La Revue de Médecine Interne · doi:10.1016/j.revmed.2021.03.288
A Survey of Male Sexual Functioning in the General Population in the Northern Netherlands
Lammerink, E. A. G., de Bock, T., van Beek, A. P., van den Bergh, F., & Mourits, M. J. E. (2021) · Medical Research Archives · doi:10.18103/mra.v9i6.2469
Psychological Morbidity After Critical Illness
Bienvenu, O. J., & Hosey, M. M. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190077013.003.0005
SINTOMAS ANSIOSOS EM GESTANTES: análise temática
Ames, J., & Wazlawick, A. (2022) · Psicologia e Saúde em Debate · doi:10.22289/2446-922x.v8n1a18
Die Aufmerksamkeitsleistungen von Mammakarzinom-Patientinnen nach adjuvanter Krebstherapie und die Rolle von psychischem Stress
Hantke, N. (2021) · Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt) · doi:10.21248/gups.59190
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Antidepressant activity of anti-cytokine treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of chronic inflammatory conditions.
Schram, M. T. (2018) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.726858486.793549221
Are there sustained psychological impacts in women diagnosed with in-situ or early invasive breast cancers?
Braun, B., Tio, J., Krause-Bergmann, B., & Hense, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Global Women s Health · doi:10.3389/fgwh.2022.763174
Einfluss psychosomatischer Parameter auf die Lebensqualität von Patienten mit diastolischer Herzinsuffizienz im Rahmen der Aldo-DHF-Studie
Nack, J. (2023) · doi:10.53846/goediss-10063
Psychische Gesundheit und somatische Symptombelastung von Patient*innen
Bobrowski, A., & Porthun, J. (2024) · Osteopathische Medizin · doi:10.1016/s1615-9071(24)00014-5
Physical activity, participation and health-related quality of life in chronic fatigue syndrome and multiple osteochondromas
Vergauwen, K. (2024) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20240425kv
Bewegung und Chemotherapie bei Mammakarzinom : Auswirkungen einer Chemotherapie auf das Bewegungsverhalten und Zusammenhänge zu Angst, Depressivität und Fatigue
Helbrich, A. H. (2024) · doi:10.20378/irb-93573
INVESTIGATION OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE QUALITY OF LIFE AND THE ANXIETY/DEPRESSION SCORES IN THE ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PHASE – OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Balla, K., & Haase, K. K. (2024) · European Journal of Public Health Studies · doi:10.46827/ejphs.v7i1.172
Dysphagia’s Effects on Quality of Life, Functional Disabilities, and Psychological Distress in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Outcomes of Cancer Rehabilitation from an Observational Single-Centre StudyPreprint
Matko, Š., Knauseder, C., Riedl, D., Grote, V., Fischer, M. J., Vorbach, S. M., Pfaller-Frank, K., Frank, W., & Licht, T. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5352887/v1
Statistische Analyse von klinischen, sozialen und Laborparametern sowie der Lebensqualität im Rahmen der multidisziplinären Langzeitnachsorge für ehemals krebskranke Kinder, Jugendliche und Erwachsene
Lund, V. (2024) · doi:10.21248/gups.88213
Statistical Modeling of Migraine Symptom Reduction in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients: A Comparative Analysis of Aromatherapy Combined with Head Scraping Using Mean and SD Metrics
Nong, J., Huang, R., Liu, Q., & Yang, S. (2025) · BIO Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/bioconf/202517402026
Quality of life, anxiety and depression among non-fatal road traffic accidents victims in South India
Marimuthu, P., Babu, B. V., Mishra, S., Sharma, M. K., Kumar, P. S., & Sekar, K. (2025) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101689
Exploring the biological function of dreaming: lessons learned from recruitment challenges in a pilot study with PCA stroke patients
Fischmann, T., Peters, L., Rieker, V., & Koslowski, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Sleep · doi:10.3389/frsle.2025.1585263
In the Shadow of Adhesions: Risk Factors and Mental Health in Asherman Syndrome
Boon, L., Hanstede, M. M. F., & van Stralen, K. J. (2025) · Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.jmig.2025.06.008
Newly validated touch experiences and attitudes questionnaire in German (TEAQ-G) is linked to social functioning, mental health, and hormonal stress regulation
Schneider, E., Raithel, C., Hopf, D., Scheele, D., Trotter, P. D., Franz, S., Aguilar‐Raab, C., Ditzen, B., & Eckstein, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-20885-y
Aktuelle Validierungsdaten und Ergebnisse zur Prävalenzanalyse, prädiktiven Aussagekraft, klinischen Anwendbarkeit und Eignung zur therapeutischen Verlaufskontrolle der Hospital Anxiety and Deprssion Sclae (HADS) in der somatischen Medizin
Kaiser, M. (2015) · eDiss (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) · doi:10.53846/goediss-4912
Additional file 1 of Effects of a randomized-controlled and online-supported physical activity intervention on exercise capacity, fatigue and health related quality of life in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome
Kerling, A., Beyer, S. R., Dirks, M., Scharbau, M., Hennemann, A.-K., Dopfer‐Jablonka, A., Lampe, V., Salzmann, J. H. W., Tegtbur, U., Drick, N., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25137946
Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of a positive psychology and mindfulness-based app on mental health for parents of children with a neurodevelopmental disorder: study protocol of a pragmatic international randomized controlled trial
Tönis, K. J. M., Drossaert, C. H. C., ten Klooster, P. M., Schaer, M., Bourgeron, T., Buitelaar, J. K., Sadaka, Y., Freitag, C. M., Lapidus, K. M., Chiocchetti, A. G., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26739486
Additional file 1 of Long-term survival and health-related quality of life in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support
Rilinger, J., Krötzsch, K., Bemtgen, X., Jäckel, M., Zotzmann, V., Lang, C. N., Kaier, K., Duerschmied, D., Supady, A., Bode, C., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.17097957
Additional file 2 of Cycling in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (CYPRO): study protocol for a randomized controlled superiority trial evaluating the effects of high-intensity interval training in persons with primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Kupjetz, M., Joisten, N., Rademacher, A., Gonzenbach, R. R., Bansi, J., & Zimmer, P. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26584308
Additional file 1 of Outpatient psychotherapy for home-living vulnerable older adults with depression: study protocol of the PSY-CARE trial
Gellert, P., Beyer, A.-K., Tegeler, C., Vathke, C., Nordheim, J., Kuhlmey, A., & Kessler, E.-M. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13655302
Psychological Burden of the COVID-19 Pandemic – the Voice of the Young Doctors’ Generation: an International Survey.Preprint
Czerwińska-Jelonkiewicz, K., Beneria, A., Bañeras, J., Kwasiborski, P., Velagapudi, P., Ijioma, N., Trêpa, M., Fekadu, C., Vandenbriele, C., Stratinaki, M., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-856227/v1

Authors: Hinz, A., & Brähler, E.
Affiliations: Leipzig University (DE)
Corresponding author: Hinz, Andreas
ORCID: Hinz, Andreas
Brähler, Elmar
Venue: Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2011-08
Volume: 71
Issue: 2
Pages: 74-78
ISSN: 0022-3999 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.01.005
OpenAlex: W1985540648
Cited by: 413
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 21.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Psychosomatic Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, reference values, anxiety, depression, German general population, age differences, gender differences, percentile norms, cut-off values, prevalence of anxiety and depression
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety, Depression, Female, Germany, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reference Values, Sex Factors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Normative values for the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in the general German population

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks