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Cited by 81Sports Performance and TrainingThermoregulation and physiological responsesCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Influence of post-warm-up recovery time on swim performance in international swimmers

West, Daniel J., Dietzig, Bernie M., Bracken, Richard M., Cunningham, Daniel J., Crewther, Blair T., Cook, Christian J., Kilduff, Liam P.·2013·Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
DOI 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.06.002
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Abstract

Objectives Swimmers must enter a marshalling call-room 20min prior to racing, which results in some swimmers completing their warm-up 45min pre-race. Since a recovery period longer than 15-20min may prove problematic, this study examined 200m freestyle performance after a 20 and 45min post-warm-up recovery period.Design Eight international swimmers completed this randomised and counter-balanced study.Methods After a standardised warm-up, swimmers rested for either 20 (20min) or 45min (45min) prior to completing a 200m freestyle time-trial (TT). Core temperature (T(core)), blood lactate (BL), heart rate and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded at baseline, post-warm-up, pre-TT, immediately post-TT and at 3min post-TT.Results T(core) was similar after the warm-up under both conditions, however, at pre-TT T(core) was greater under 20min (mean±SD; 20min 37.8±0.2 vs. 45min 37.5±0.2°C; P=0.002). BL was similar between conditions at all-time points before the TT (P>0.05). Swimmers demonstrated a 1.5±1.1% improvement in performance under 20min (20min 125.74±3.64 vs. 45min 127.60±3.55s; P=0.01). T(core) was similar between conditions at immediately post-TT and 3min post-TT (P>0.05), however, BL was higher at these time points under 20min (P<0.05). Heart rate and RPE were similar between conditions at all-time points (P>0.05).Conclusions 200m freestyle performance is faster 20min post-warm-up when compared to 45min probably due to better T(core) maintenance. This has implications for swim race preparation as warm-up procedures should be completed close to entering the pre-race call room, in order to maintain elevated core temperature.

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  • The contractive history of a given muscle group can influence the ability of the same muscle group to produce force.

    “The contractive history of a given muscle group can influence the ability of the same muscle group to produce force 28 .”

    From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [28]

  • In professional rugby players, power output, peak rate of force development, and countermovement jump height were significantly elevated above baseline at about eight minutes of recovery for 70% of participants after a preload stimulus of three sets of three repetitions at 87% 1RM squat.

    “Kilduff et al. 28 identified that power output, peak rate of force development and countermovement jump height were significantly elevated above baseline values at about eight minutes of recovery for the majority (i.e., 70%) of participants”

    From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [28]

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Authors
West, D. J., Dietzig, B. M., Bracken, R. M., Cunningham, D. J., Crewther, B. T., Cook, C. J., & Kilduff, L. P.
Affiliations
  • Northumbria University (GB)
  • Swansea University (GB)
  • Imperial College London (GB)
Corresponding author
Kilduff, Liam P.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2013-03
Volume
16
Issue
2
Pages
172-176
ISSN
1440-2440 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jsams.2012.06.002
OpenAlex
W2089789819
Cited by
81
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
FWCI
4.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of science and medicine in sport (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/H009744/1)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
warm-up duration, swimming performance, core body temperature, blood lactate, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, race preparation
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Body Temperature, Physical Exertion, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Swimming, Time Factors, Biomarkers, Exercise, Lactic Acid, Athletic Performance, Young Adult

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