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Antiviral oxysterols are present in human milk at diverse stages of lactation

Civra, Andrea, Leoni, Valerio, Caccia, Claudio, Sottemano, Stefano, Tonetto, Paola, Coscia, Alessandra, Peila, Chiara, Moro, Guido E., Gaglioti, Pietro, Bertino, Enrico, Poli, Giuseppe, Lembo, David·2019·The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
DOI 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105424
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Abstract

Oxysterols are cholesterol oxidation derivatives. Those containing an additional hydroxyl group on the side chain of the cholesterol molecule result from a physiological enzymatic synthesis and include the majority of oxysterols present in the circulation. Among these, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25OHC) and 27-hydroxycholesterol (27OHC) are characterized by a broad antiviral activity and are now considered involved in the innate immune response against viruses. Despite the emerging role of these sterols in the innate antiviral defences, no data are available on their presence in human breast milk (BM) to date. In this study, we investigated the content of oxysterols of enzymatic synthesis in BM of twelve donor mothers at different stages of lactation (i.e. in colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The side-chain oxysterols 25OHC, 27OHC, and 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24SOHC) were actually present in BM in all stages of lactation, but the concentration of 27OHC showed a remarkable peak in colostrum. Antiviral assays revealed that all the colostrum samples contained 27OHC concentrations that were active in vitro against two relevant pediatric viral pathogens: the human rotavirus and the human rhinovirus. Overall, this study discloses new antiviral components of BM and suggests a passive transfer of these protective factors to the infant via breastfeeding, especially in the first few days of lactation.

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  • 7α-OHC, 7β-OHC, and 24-OHC are primarily involved in cholesterol homeostasis regulation, while 25-OHC and 27-OHC are signalling molecules also involved in anti-viral, immunomodulant and inflammatory responses.

    “while 7α-OHC, 7β-OHC, and 24-OHC are primarily involved in cholesterol homeostasis regulation, 25-OHC and 27-OHC are signalling molecules also involved in anti-viral, immunomodulant and inflammatory responses [20]”

    From ApoE3 vs. ApoE4 Astrocytes: A Detailed Analysis Provides New Insights into Differences in Cholesterol Homeostasis (2022) · cites this paper as [20]

  • Neuronal dysfunction of striatal neurons precedes their degeneration, and the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) MSNs of the indirect pathway are the first affected in HD models and patients.

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    From SREBP2 gene therapy targeting striatal astrocytes ameliorates Huntington’s disease phenotypes (2021) · cites this paper as [34]

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Metadata

Authors
Civra, A., Leoni, V., Caccia, C., Sottemano, S., Tonetto, P., Coscia, A., Peila, C., Moro, G. E., Gaglioti, P., Bertino, E., Poli, G., & Lembo, D.
Venue
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-10
Volume
193
Pages
105424
ISSN
0960-0760
DOI
10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105424
Cited by
23
References
2
Language
en
Licence
Funders
Università degli Studi di Torino

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