Application of network meta-analysis in the field of physical activity and health promotion
Open accessAbstract
Continued advancement in the field of physical activity and health promotion relies heavily on the synthesis of rigorous scientific evidence. As such, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have led to a better understanding of which intervention strategies are superior (i.e., produce the greatest effects) in physical activity-based health behavior change interventions. Indeed, standard meta-analytic approaches have allowed researchers in the field to synthesize relevant experimental evidence using pairwise procedures that produce reliable estimates of the homogeneity, magnitude, and potential biases in the observed effects. However, pairwise meta-analytic procedures are only capable to discerning differences in effects between a select intervention strategy and a select comparison or control condition. In order to maximize the impact of physical activity interventions on health-related outcomes, it is necessary to establish evidence concerning the comparative efficacy of all relevant physical activity intervention strategies. The development of network meta-analysis (NMA)-most commonly used in medical-based clinical trials-has allowed for the quantification of indirect comparisons, even in the absence of direct, head-to-head trials. Thus, it stands to reason that NMA can be applied in physical activity and health promotion research to identify the best intervention strategies. Given that this analysis technique is novel and largely unexplored in the field of physical activity and health promotion, care must be taken in its application to ensure reliable estimates and discernment of the effect sizes among interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to comment on the potential application and importance of NMA in the field of physical activity and health promotion, describe how to properly and effectively apply this technique, and suggest important considerations for its appropriate application in this field. In this paper, overviews of the foundations of NMA and commonly used approaches for conducting NMA are provided, followed by assumptions related to NMA, opportunities and challenges in NMA, and a step-by-step example of developing and conducting an NMA.
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Network meta-analysis outperforms conventional pairwise meta-analysis by integrating and quantifying both direct and indirect evidence, estimating the relative effectiveness of multiple interventions simultaneously, and ranking treatments.
“Network meta-analysis, a promising synthesis methodology in the field of sports science and health promotion, outperforms conventional pairwise meta-analysis by integrating and quantifying both direct and indirect evidence, estimating the relative effectiveness of multiple interventions simultaneously, and ranking treatments as part of the process of clinical decision-making [26].”
From Comparative Effectiveness of Multiple Exercise Interventions in the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Su, X., McDonough, D. J., Chu, H., Quan, M., & Gao, Z.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Shanghai University of Sport (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Gao, Zan
- Venue
- Journal of Sport and Health Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 511-520
- ISSN
- 2213-2961 (ISSN-L)
- 2095-2546
- PMC
- PMC7749244
- OpenAlex
- W3046449231
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
- Keywords
- network meta-analysis, physical activity interventions, health promotion, health behavior change, indirect comparison, intervention efficacy, randomized controlled trials, methodological assumptions, evidence synthesis
- MeSH terms
- Network Meta-Analysis, Network Meta-Analysis as Topic, Network Meta-Analysis As Topic, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Health Promotion, Humans, Research Design, Software, Exercise, Bias, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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