Simultaneous comparison of multiple treatments: Combining direct and indirect evidence.
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A randomized comparison between rasburicase and allopurinol in children with lymphoma or
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Network meta-analysis offers a methodological solution to provide more precise pooled head-to-head effect estimates than may otherwise be achieved.
“network meta-analysis offers a methodological solution to provide more precise pooled head-to-head effect estimates than may otherwise be achieved 19, 20 .”
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“47 58 59 As an example, Achana et al examined the effectiveness of safety interventions on the uptake of three poisoning prevention practices in households with children.”
BackgroundSelf-citationNaci, H., Salcher-Konrad, M., Dias, S., Blum, M. R., Sahoo, S. A., Nunan, D., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2019) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-099921 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
“Characteristics of exercise and medication RCTs RCTs of exercise interventions included substantially fewer participants; average sample size in exercise RCTs was 53 (range: 15-464) compared to 139 in RCTs of beta-blockers (7-1092), 174 in studies of ACE-inhibitors (14-625), 188 for diuretics (24-2776), 185 for CCBs (…”
ResultVisualizing Assumptions and Results in Network Meta-analysis: The Network Graphs Package
Chaimani, A., & Salanti, G. (2015) · The Stata Journal Promoting communications on statistics and Stata · doi:10.1177/1536867x1501500402 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Stettler, C., Allemann, S., Wandel, S., Kastrati, A., Morice, M. C., Schomig, A., Pfisterer, M. E., Stone, G. W., Leon, M. B., Lezo, J. S. D., et al. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a1331 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Jansen, J. P., Trikalinos, T., Cappelleri, J. C., Daw, J., Andes, S., Eldessouki, R., & Salanti, G. (2014) · Value in Health · doi:10.1016/j.jval.2014.01.004 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
“the comparison of interest would be considered [4,5,10,12].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialTran, Y., Craig, A. R., Craig, R., Chai, R., & Nguyen, H. T. (2020) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13554 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Bangalore, S., Toklu, B., Amoroso, N. S., Fusaro, M., Kumar, S., Hannan, E. L., Faxon, D. P., & Feit, F. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f6625 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
A design‐by‐treatment interaction model for network meta‐analysis with random inconsistency effects
Jackson, D., Barrett, J., Rice, S. J. C., White, I. R., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2014) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.6188 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
“Methods for network meta-analysis began by distinguishing between direct and indirect sources of evidence and then combining across them [8].”
MethodSelf-citationVlaar, P. J. J., Mahmoud, K. D., Holmes, D. R., van Valkenhoef, G., Hillege, H. L., van der Horst, I. C. C., Zijlstra, F., & de Smet, B. J. G. L. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.03.046 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Nikolakopoulou, A., White, I. R., & Salanti, G. (2020) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315119403-10 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Loveman, E., Frampton, G., Shepherd, J., Picot, J., Cooper, K., Bryant, J., Welch, K., & Clegg, A. (2011) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta15020 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
A case study of multiple-treatments meta-analysis demonstrates that covariates should be considered
Salanti, G., Marinho, V. C., & Higgins, J. P. T. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.10.001 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
“This is equivalent to assuming that the trials are ‘exchangeable’ in their populations, outcomes, design, and conduct [3] or, in other words, that they are sufficiently similar regarding all characteristics other than the comparison(s) being made [5].”
BackgroundSelf-citationBiological soil health indicators respond to tillage intensity: A US meta-analysis
Nunes, M. R., Karlen, D. L., Veum, K. S., Moorman, T. B., & Cambardella, C. A. (2020) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114335 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Efficacy, Acceptability, and Tolerability of Antipsychotics in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia
Samara, M. T., Dold, M., Gianatsi, M., Nikolakopoulou, A., Helfer, B., Salanti, G., & Leucht, S. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.2955 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Naci, H., Brugts, J., & Ades, T. (2013) · Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.111.000071 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
“To determine the comparative tolerability and harms of individual statins, we conducted network meta-analyses, which are generalizations of indirect comparisons with >2 (or multiple pairs of) treatments being compared indirectly and ≥1 pair of treatments compared both directly and indirectly.(25,26) This type of analy…”
MethodWoods, B. S., Hawkins, N., & Scott, D. A. (2010) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-10-54 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
“the difference in effect between treatments A & B (dAB) is equal to the difference in effects between treatments A & C and B & C (dAB = dAC - dBC) [1-3].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEfficacy of drug treatments for generalised anxiety disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis
Baldwin, D. S., Woods, R., Lawson, R., & Taylor, D. M. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d1199 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
“For the analyses in WinBUGS, every sample consisted of 20 000 iterations with an initial burn-in period of 1000 iterations. The model framework, stratified by study, included univariate random effects to allow for apparent heterogeneity between studies in the treatment comparison effects. The probability of the outcom…”
MethodSun, F., Wu, S., Guo, S., Yu, K., Yang, Z., Li, L., Zhang, Y., Quan, X., Ji, L., & Zhan, S. (2015) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2015.07.015 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
“[21,42], especially when there are few trials for direct comparison between different antidiabetic drugs, such as comparisons between LIR1.”
BackgroundManagement of Chronic Prostatitis/ Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
Anothaisintawee, T. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1913 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Assessing key assumptions of network meta‐analysis: a review of methods
Donegan, S., Williamson, P. R., D’Alessandro, U., & Smith, C. T. (2013) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.1085 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
“…2012a; Tudur Smith et al., 2007)) (method H3); applying fixed-effect and random-effects pair-wise meta-analysis (method H4) (Ades et al., 2012; Caldwell et al., 2005; Caldwell et al., 2010; Caldwell et al., 2012; Dias et al., 2012; Dias et al., 2011a; Hoaglin et al., 2011; Jansen et al.,…”
MethodInfluentialRao, G., López-Jiménez, F. A., Boyd, J. H., D’Amico, F., Durant, N. H., Hlatky, M. A., Howard, G., Kirley, K., Masi, C. M., Powell‐Wiley, T. M., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000523 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Management of frozen shoulder: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis.
Maund, E., Craig, D., Suekarran, S., Neilson, A. R., Wright, K. E., Brealey, S., Dennis, L., Goodchild, L. M., Hanchard, N. C. A., Rangan, A., et al. (2012) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta16110 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Cochrane Reviews on the Benefits/Risks of Fluoride Toothpastes
Wong, M. C. M., Clarkson, J., Glenny, A., Lo, E. C. M., Marinho, V. C., Tsang, B. W., Walsh, T., & Worthington, H. V. (2011) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034510393346 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Yuan, J., Zhang, R., Yang, Z., Lee, J., Liu, Y., Tian, J., Qin, X., Ren, Z., Ding, H., Chen, Q., et al. (2013) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2013.01.012 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
“Network meta-analysis, in the context of a systematic review, is a meta-analysis in which multiple treatments are compared using both direct comparisons of interventions within randomized controlled trials and indirect comparisons across trials based on a common comparator [13,14].”
MethodA meta-analytic review of the psychosocial adjustment of youth with inflammatory bowel disease
Greenley, R. N., Hommel, K. A., Nebel, J., Raboin, T., Li, S.-H., Simpson, P., & Mackner, L. (2010) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsp120 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Single dose oral analgesics for acute postoperative pain in adults - an overview of Cochrane reviews
Moore, R. A., Derry, S., Aldington, D., & Wiffen, P. J. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008659.pub3 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Imamura, M., Abrams, P., Bain, C., Buckley, B. S., Cardozo, L., Cody, J. D., Cook, J. A., Eustice, S., Glazener, C. M. A., Grant, A. M., et al. (2010) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta14400 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Riley, R. D., Jackson, D., Salanti, G., Burke, D. L., Price, M. J., Kirkham, J. J., & White, I. R. (2017) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.j3932 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
“A version of this dataset containing seven treatments was previously published in The BMJ by Caldwell et al, 13 and our investigations extend this work.”
Martinez, V., Beloeil, H., Marret, E., Fletcher, D., Ravaud, P., & Trinquart, L. (2016) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aew391 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting With and Without Manipulation of the Ascending Aorta
Zhao, D. F., Edelman, J. J., Seco, M., Bannon, P. G., Wilson, M. K., Byrom, M. J., Thourani, V. H., Lamy, A. L., Taggart, D. P., Puskas, J. D., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2016.11.071 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
“Analyses were performed using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo modeling (11).”
MethodUndertaking network meta‐analyses
Chaimani, A., Caldwell, D. M., Li, T., Higgins, J. P. T., & Salanti, G. (2019) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119536604.ch11 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Self-citationComparative Effectiveness of Injection Therapies in Lateral Epicondylitis
Krogh, T. P., Bartels, E. M., Ellingsen, T., Stengaard‐Pedersen, K., Buchbinder, R., Fredberg, U., Bliddal, H., & Christensen, R. (2012) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/0363546512458237 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
“In conclusion, our systematic review and network metaanalysis found a paucity of evidence from unbiased trials on which to base treatment recommendations regarding injection therapies for LE.”
MethodInfluentialBurnett, H., Earley, A., Voors, A. A., Senni, M., McMurray, J. J. V., Deschaseaux, C., & Cope, S. (2017) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.116.003529 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Navarese, E. P., Tandjung, K., Claessen, B. E. P. M., Andreotti, F., Kowalewski, M., Kandzari, D. E., Kereiakes, D. J., Waksman, R., Mauri, L., Meredith, I. T., et al. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f6530 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Cooper, N. J., Sutton, A. J., Morris, D. H., Ades, A. E., & Welton, N. J. (2009) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.3594 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
“A standard mixed treatment random effects model with a binary outcome and no covariates can be specified as follows [2, 3, 5].”
MethodSelf-citationUterotonic agents for preventing postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis
Gallos, I. D., Williams, H., Price, M. J., Merriel, A., Gee, H., Lissauer, D. M., Moorthy, V., Tobı́as, A., Deeks, J. J., Widmer, M., et al. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011689.pub2 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Sun, F., Wu, S., Wang, J., Guo, S., Chai, S., Yang, Z., Li, L., Zhang, Y., Ji, L., & Zhan, S. (2015) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.11.008 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Bangalore, S., Kumar, S. K., Fusaro, M. V., Amoroso, N., Kirtane, A., Byrne, R., Williams, D., Slater, J., Cutlip, D., & Feit, F. (2012) · British medical journal · doi:10.1136/bmj.e5170 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Exploring the Geometry of Treatment Networks
Salanti, G., Kavvoura, F. K., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2008) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-7-200804010-00011 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
“” We also searched Thompson ISI Web of Knowledge for studies that cited methodological articles on multiple treatments meta-analysis (1, 3, 4, 11).”
MethodMultivariate Meta-Analysis: The Effect of Ignoring Within-Study Correlation
Riley, R. D. (2009) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.1111/j.1467-985x.2008.00593.x · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Development of the summary of findings table for network meta-analysis
Yepes-Nuñez, J. J., Li, S.-A., Guyatt, G., Jack, S. M., Brozek, J. L., Beyene, J., Murad, M. H., Rochwerg, B., Mbuagbaw, L., Zhang, Y., et al. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.04.018 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Zeng, C., Wei, J., Persson, M. S. M., Sarmanova, A., Doherty, M., Xie, D., Wang, Y., Li, X., Li, J., Long, H., et al. (2018) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-098043 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Menzies, D., Benedetti, A., Paydar, A., Martin, I., Royce, S., Pai, M., Vernon, A. A., Lienhardt, C., & Burman, W. J. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000146 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
“This review had several limitations. First, we could identify few trials with direct head-to-head comparisons of rifampin duration, and even fewer directly comparing intermittent regimens. Hence, we had to pool results across studies; this increases potential confounding from differences in treatment, patients' diseas…”
Backgroundvan Walsem, A., Pandhi, S., Nixon, R. M., Guyot, P., Karabis, A., & Moore, R. A. (2015) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0554-0 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
“cacy, safety, and tolerability of commonly used tNSAIDs (diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen) and COXIBs (celecoxib and etoricoxib) in patients with pain caused by OA or RA by means of a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) [23-25].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialPsychological interventions for resilience enhancement in adults
Helmreich, I., Kunzler, A., Chmitorz, A., König, J., Binder, H., Wessa, M., & Lieb, K. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012527 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Veroniki, A. A., Straus, S. E., Fyraridis, A., & Tricco, A. C. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.02.016 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
- Authors
- Caldwell, D. M., Ades, A. E., & Higgins, J. P. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Bristol (GB)
- MRC Biostatistics Unit (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Caldwell, Deborah M
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2005-10-13
- Volume
- 331
- Issue
- 7521
- Pages
- 897-900
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0959-8138
- 1468-5833
- PMC
- PMC1255806
- OpenAlex
- W1967385770
- Cited by
- 1,600
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 63 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 91 · 2021: 105 · 2020: 136 · 2019: 115 · 2018: 115 · 2017: 108 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 107 · 2014: 101 · 2013: 79 · 2012: 80
- FWCI
- 16.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Methemoglobinemia and Tumor Lysis Syndrome
- Keywords
- rasburicase, allopurinol, hyperuricemia, lymphoma, pediatric oncology, direct and indirect evidence, treatment comparison
- MeSH terms
- Data Interpretation, Statistical, Decision Making, Humans, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Bias, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Evidence-Based Medicine
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