Persisting symptoms in patients with Hashimoto’s disease despite normal thyroid hormone levels: Does thyroid autoimmunity play a role? A systematic review
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Patients with hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's disease (HD) may experience persisting symptoms despite normal serum thyroid hormone (TH) levels. Several hypotheses have been postulated to explain these persisting symptoms. We hypothesized that thyroid autoimmunity may play a role. DESIGN: A systematic literature review. METHODS: A PubMed search was performed to find studies investigating the relation between the presence of thyroid autoimmunity and (persisting) symptoms. Included studies were critically appraised by the Newcastle - Ottawa Scale (NOS) and then subdivided into (A) disease-based studies, comparing biochemically euthyroid patients with HD, and euthyroid patients with non-autoimmune hypothyroidism or euthyroid benign goitre, and (B) (general) population-based studies. Due to different outcome measures among all studies, meta-analysis of data could not be performed. RESULTS: Thirty out of 1259 articles found in the PubMed search were included in this systematic review. Five out of seven disease-based studies found an association between thyroid autoimmunity and symptoms or lower quality of life (QoL). Sixteen of 23 population-based studies found a comparable positive association. In total, the majority of included studies reported an association between thyroid autoimmunity and persisting symptoms or lower QoL in biochemically euthyroid patients. CONCLUSION: (Thyroid) autoimmunity seems to be associated with persisting symptoms or lower QoL in biochemically euthyroid HD patients. As outcome measures differed among the included studies, we propose the use of similar outcome measures in future studies. To prove causality, a necessary next step is to design and conduct intervention studies, for example immunomodulation vs. placebo preferably in the form of a randomized controlled trial, with symptoms and QoL as main outcomes.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The autoimmune neuroinflammation hypothesis remains plausible, as strengthened by a recent systematic review.
“However, the hypothesis remains plausible, as strengthened by a recent systematic review [70].”
From T4+T3 Combination Therapy: An Unsolved Problem of Increasing Magnitude and Complexity (2021) · cites this paper as [70]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n71 · Cited by 108,283 · see citing works
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2021) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4 · Cited by 13,874 · see citing works
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J., Bossuyt, P., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T., mulrow, C., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J., Akl, E., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2020) · doi:10.31222/osf.io/v7gm2_v1 · Cited by 8,090 · see citing works
The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J., Bossuyt, P., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T., mulrow, C., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J., Akl, E., Brennan, S. E., et al. (2020) · doi:10.31222/osf.io/v7gm2 · Cited by 5,177 · see citing works
Jonklaas, J., Bianco, A. C., Bauer, A. J., Burman, K. D., Cappola, A. R., Celi, F. S., Cooper, D. S., Kim, B. W., Peeters, R. P., Rosenthal, M. S., et al. (2014) · Thyroid® · doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0028 · Cited by 1,928 · cited 16× · see citing works
“Five disease-based studies evaluated well-being in LT4 treated patients with HD compared with patients with nonautoimmune hypothyroidism, using the following questionnaires: DSMIV mood and anxiety disorders, FIQ, FM comorbidity, General Symptom Questionnaire, MFI-20, QoL, SCID, ThyPRO, VAS (Table 4) [19, 28–31].”
BackgroundInfluentialChaker, L., Bianco, A. C., Jonklaas, J., & Peeters, R. P. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30703-1 · Cited by 1,159 · see citing works
Hashimoto thyroiditis: Clinical and diagnostic criteria
Caturegli, P., Remigis, A. D., & Rose, N. R. (2014) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.007 · Cited by 1,082 · see citing works
Armangué, T., Spatola, M., Vlagea, A. D., Mattozzi, S., Carceles‐Cordon, M., Martínez‐Heras, E., Llufriú, S., Muchart, J., Erro, M. E., Abraira, L., et al. (2018) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30244-8 · Cited by 665 · see citing works
OMERACT: An international initiative to improve outcome measurement in rheumatology
Tugwell, P., Boers, M., Brooks, P., Simon, L. S., Strand, V., & Idzerda, L. (2007) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-8-38 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
HASHIMOTO'S DISEASE AND ENCEPHALOPATHY
BRAIN, L. (1966) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(66)92876-5 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Saravanan, P., Chau, W. ‐., Roberts, N., Vedhara, K., Greenwood, R., & Dayan, C. M. (2002) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2002.01654.x · Cited by 514 · see citing works
The Thyroid‐Brain Interaction in Thyroid Disorders and Mood Disorders
Bauer, M., Goetz, T., Glenn, T., & Whybrow, P. C. (2008) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2008.01774.x · Cited by 441 · see citing works
2012 ETA Guidelines: The Use of L-T4 + L-T3 in the Treatment of Hypothyroidism
Wiersinga, W. M., Duntas, L., Fadeyev, V., Nygaard, B., & Vanderpump, M. P. J. (2012) · European Thyroid Journal · doi:10.1159/000339444 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Siegmann, E.-M., Müller, H. H. O., Luecke, C., Philipsen, A., Kornhuber, J., & Grömer, T. W. (2018) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0190 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Wekking, E. M., Appelhof, B. C., Fliers, E., Schene, A. H., Huyser, J., Tijssen, J. G. P., & Wiersinga, W. M. (2005) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.02025 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Treatment with thyroid hormone
Biondi, B., & Wartofsky, L. (2014) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2013-1083 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Hashimoto's encephalopathy: epidemiologic data and pathogenetic considerations
Ferracci, F., Bertiato, G., & Moretto, G. (2003) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2003.09.007 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Laurent, C., Capron, J., Quillerou, B., Thomas, G., Alamowitch, S., Fain, O., & MEKINIAN, A. (2016) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2016.09.008 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Ott, J., Promberger, R., Kober, F., Neuhold, N., Tea, M., Huber, J. C., & Hermann, M. (2011) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2010.0191 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Diagnosed thyroid disorders are associated with depression and anxiety
Ittermann, T., Völzke, H., Baumeister, S. E., Appel, K., & Grabe, H. J. (2015) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-015-1043-0 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Do traditional symptoms of hypothyroidism correlate with biochemical disease?
Canaris, G. J., Steiner, J. F., & Ridgway, E. C. (1997) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.1997.07109.x · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Carta, M. G., Loviselli, A., Hardoy, M. C., Massa, S., Cadeddu, M., Sardu, C., Carpiniello, B., Dell’Osso, L., & Mariotti, S. (2004) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-4-25 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy
Wiersinga, W. M. (2001) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000048140 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Are Autoimmune Thyroid Dysfunction and Depression Related?1
Pop, V. J. M., Maartens, L. H., Leusink, G. L., van Son, M. J. M., Knottnerus, J. A., Ward, A. M., Metcalfe, R., & Weetman, A. P. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.9.5131 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Association between panic disorder, major depressive disorder and celiac disease
Carta, M. G., Hardoy, M. C., Boi, M. F., Mariotti, S., Carpiniello, B., & Usai, P. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00328-8 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Dora, J. M., Machado, W. E., Rheinheimer, J., Crispim, D., & Maia, A. L. (2010) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-10-0419 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Engum, A., Bjøro, T., Mykletun, A., & Dahl, A. A. (2005) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.04.002 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Panicker, V., Evans, J., Bjøro, T., Åsvold, B. O., Dayan, C. M., & Bjerkeset, O. (2009) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03521.x · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Sheard, L., Wright, N. M. J., Adams, C. E., Bound, N., Rushforth, B., Hart, R., & Tompkins, C. N. E. (2009) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-10-53 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Cognitive and affective dysfunctions in autoimmune thyroiditis
Leyhe, T., & Müssig, K. (2014) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2014.03.008 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Clinical and laboratory aspects of thyroid autoantibodies
Sinclair, D. (2006) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1258/000456306776865043 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Schmidt, M. C., Voell, M., Rahlff, I., Dietlein, M., Kobe, C., Faust, M., & Schicha, H. (2008) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2008.0008 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Guldvog, I., Reitsma, L. C., Johnsen, L., Lauzike, A., Gibbs, C., Carlsen, E., Lende, T. H., Narvestad, J. K., Omdal, R., Kvaløy, J. T., et al. (2019) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m18-0284 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Thyroid gland and brain: Enigma of Hashimoto's encephalopathy
Churilov, L. P., Соболевская, П. А., & Stroev, Y. I. (2019) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2019.101364 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Type 2 deiodinase at the crossroads of thyroid hormone action
Drigo, R. A. E., & Bianco, A. C. (2011) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2011.05.016 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Transient post-partum thyroid dysfunction and postnatal depression
Harris, B., Fung, H., Johns, S., Kologlu, M., Bhatti, R., McGregor, A. M., Richards, C. J., & Hall, R. (1989) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(89)90006-2 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Ayhan, M. G., Uğuz, F., Aşkın, R., & Gonen, M. S. (2013) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.10.002 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Release of Magnetic Nanoparticles from Cell-Encapsulating Biodegradable Nanobiomaterials
Xu, F., İnci, F., Mullick, O., Gurkan, U. A., Sung, Y., Kavaz, D., Li, B., Denkbaş, E. B., & Demirci, U. (2012) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn300902w · Cited by 89 · see citing works
The Diagnosis of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Fisher, D. A., Oddie, T. H., Johnson, D. E., & Nelson, J. C. (1975) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-40-5-795 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Association between thyroid autoimmunity and fibromyalgic disease severity
Bazzichi, L. M., Rossi, A., Giuliano, T., Feo, F. D., Giacomelli, C., Consensi, A., Ciapparelli, A., Consoli, G., Dell’Osso, L., & Bombardieri, S. (2007) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-007-0636-8 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Mental and physical complaints in thyroid disorders in the general population
Grabe, H.-J., Völzke, H., Lüdemann, J., Wolff, B., Schwahn, C., John, U., Meng, W., & Freyberger, H. J. (2005) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00586.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Are Autoimmune Thyroid Dysfunction and Depression Related?
Pop, V. J. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.83.9.3194 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Watt, T., Hegedüs, L., Bjorner, J. B., Groenvold, M., Bonnema, S. J., Rasmussen, Å. K., & Feldt-Rasmussen, U. (2012) · European Thyroid Journal · doi:10.1159/000342623 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
van de Ven, A. C., Muntjewerff, J.-W., Netea-Maier, R. T., de Vegt, F., Ross, H. A., Sweep, F. C. G. J., Kiemeney, L. A. L. M., Vos, P. E., Buitelaar, J. K., Hermus, A. R. M. M., et al. (2012) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2012.01870.x · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Do cross-reactive antibodies cause neuropathology in COVID-19?
Kreye, J., Reincke, S. M., & Prüß, H. (2020) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-020-00458-y · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Krysiak, R. G., Drosdzol-Cop, A. B., Skrzypulec‐Plinta, V., & Okopień, B. (2015) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.12956 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
de Carvalho, G. A., Bahls, S.-C., Boeving, A., & Graf, H. (2009) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2008.0261 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Groer, M. E., & Vaughan, J. H. (2012) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01425.x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Thyroid autoimmunity may represent a predisposition for the development of fibromyalgia?
Bazzichi, L., Rossi, A., Zirafa, C. C., Monzani, F., Tognini, S., Dardano, A., Santini, F., Tonacchera, M., Servi, M. D., Giacomelli, C., et al. (2010) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-010-1620-1 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Botello, A., Herrán, M., Salcedo, V., Rodríguez, Y., Anaya, J., & Rojas, M. (2020) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14304 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Fatigue and fatigue-related symptoms in patients treated for different causes of hypothyroidism
Louwerens, M., Appelhof, B. C., Verloop, H., Medici, M., Peeters, R. P., Visser, T. J., Boelen, A., Fliers, E., Smit, J. W. A., & Dekkers, O. M. (2012) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-12-0501 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Depressive symptoms, thyroid hormone and autoimmunity in a population-based cohort from Sardinia
Delitala, A., Terracciano, A., Fiorillo, E., Orrù, V., Schlessinger, D., & Cucca, F. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.019 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Thyroid hormones and cognitive functioning in healthy, euthyroid women: A correlational study
Grigorova, M., & Sherwin, B. B. (2012) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.02.014 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Depression in patients with euthyroid chronic autoimmune thyroiditis
Kırım, S., Keşkek, Ş. Ö., Çakırlar, F. K., Haydardedeoğlu, F. E., Bozkırlı, E., & Toledano, Y. (2012) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej12-0035 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Fjællegaard, K., Kvetny, J., Allerup, P., Bech, P., & Ellervik, C. (2014) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2014.929741 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Zivaljevic, V. R., Bukvić, B., Sipetic, S. B., Stanisavljevic, D. M., Maksimovic, J. M., Diklić, A., & Paunovic, I. R. (2015) · International Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.08.001 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Clinical perspectives in the diagnosis of thyroid disease.
Kaplan, M. M. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Donne, M. L., Settineri, S., & Benvenga, S. (2011) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.08.001 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Wesseloo, R., Kamperman, A. M., Bergink, V., & Pop, V. J. M. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.058 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Pop, V. J. M., Wijnen, H. A. A., Lapkienė, L., Bunivicius, R., Vader, H. L., & Essed, G. G. M. (2006) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2006.16.485 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
van de Ven, A. C., Netea-Maier, R. T., de Vegt, F., Ross, H. A., Sweep, F. C. G. J., Kiemeney, L. A. L. M., Hermus, A. R., & den Heijer, M. (2012) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2011.0200 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy: Three ‘Simple’ Questions, Complex Answers
Bianco, A. C., & Casula, S. (2012) · European Thyroid Journal · doi:10.1159/000339447 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Stress is not associated with thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies in euthyroid women
Strieder, T. G. A., Prummel, M. F., Tijssen, J. G. P., BROSSCHOT, J. F., & Wiersinga, W. M. (2004) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2004.07.003 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Leyhe, T., Müssig, K., Weinert, C., Laske, C., Häring, H., Saur, R., Klingberg, S., & Gallwitz, B. (2008) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.08.009 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Mood and thyroid immunity assessed by ultrasonographic imaging in a primary health care
Bunevičius, R., Pečeliūnienė, J., Mickuvienė, N., Bunevičius, A., Pop, V. J. M., & Girdler, S. S. (2006) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2006.05.029 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Postpartum thyroid measures and depressive symptomology: a pilot study.
McCoy, S. J. B., Beal, J. M., Payton, M. E., Stewart, A., DeMers, A. M., & Watson, G. H. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Leyhe, T., Ethofer, T., Bretscher, J., Künle, A., Säuberlich, A.-L., Klein, R., Gallwitz, B., Häring, H., Fallgatter, A. J., Klingberg, S., et al. (2012) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.09.007 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Association of antithyroid peroxidase antibody with fibromyalgia in rheumatoid arthritis
Ahmad, J., Blumen, H. M., & Tagoe, C. E. (2015) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-015-3278-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Iseme, R. A., McEvoy, M., Kelly, B. J., Agnew, L. L., Attia, J., Walker, F. R., Oldmeadow, C. J., & Boyle, M. (2015) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.06.006 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 70 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [27]Glaziou P. del Mar C. Salisbury J. Evidence-based Practice Workbook second ed. 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Oxford 21 38
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chaker, L., Razvi, S., Bensenor, I. M., Azizi, F., Pearce, E. N., & Peeters, R. P. (2022) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-022-00357-7 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Wrońska, K., Hałasa, M., & Szczuko, M. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25136883 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Osowiecka, K., & Myszkowska-Ryciak, J. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15041041 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Li, J.-M., Huang, Q., Sun, S., Zhou, K.-S., Wang, X., Pan, K., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Han, Q., Si, C.-J., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78938-7 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Autoimmune thyroid disease and rheumatoid arthritis: where the twain meet
Lichtiger, A., Fadaei, G., & Tagoe, C. E. (2024) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-024-06888-6 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Local symptoms of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: A systematic review
Yuan, J., Qi, S., Zhang, X., Lai, H., Li, X., Xiaoheng, C., Li, Z., Yao, S., & Ding, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1076793 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Evaluating health outcomes in the treatment of hypothyroidism
Ettleson, M. D., & Papaleontiou, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1026262 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
T4+T3 Combination Therapy: An Unsolved Problem of Increasing Magnitude and Complexity
Wiersinga, W. M. (2021) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2021.501 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“However, the hypothesis remains plausible, as strengthened by a recent systematic review [70].”
BackgroundZhang, S., Yang, M., Li, T., Yang, M., Wang, W. J., Chen, Y., Ding, Y., Liu, J., Xu, X., Zhang, J., et al. (2023) · Molecular Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1002/mrd.23677 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Casula, S., Ettleson, M. D., & Bianco, A. C. (2023) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2023.04.003 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Mehuys, E., Lapauw, B., T'Sjoen, G. G., Christiaens, T. C., Sutter, A. D., Steurbaut, S., Tongelen, I. V., & Boussery, K. (2023) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2023.0066 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Molewijk, E., Fliers, E., Dreijerink, K. M. A., van Dooren, A. A., & Heerdink, E. R. (2024) · Journal of Clinical & Translational Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.jcte.2024.100330 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Huang, S., Ziros, P. G., Chartoumpekis, D. V., Psarias, G., Duntas, L. H., Zuo, X., Li, X., Ding, Z., & Sykiotis, G. P. (2024) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox13070868 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Berisha‐Muharremi, V., Tahirbegolli, B., Phypers, R., & Hanna, R. (2023) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm13081274 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Li, R., He, T., Xing, Z., Mi, L., Su, A., & Wu, W. (2025) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103783 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Quality of life, social support, and adherence in female patients with thyroid disorders
Kollerits, E., Zsila, Á., & Matuszka, B. (2023) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-023-02718-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Hoff, G. S., Bernklev, T., Johnsen, L., Reitsma, L. C., Sina, D., Lauzike, A., Gibbs, C., Lende, T. H., Narvestad, J. K., Kildahl, R., et al. (2024) · Journal of Thyroid Research · doi:10.1155/2024/5518720 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Zhang, H., Tong, W., Zeng, W., Luo, H., Zhang, L., Feng, J., Xiao, Y., & Wang, G. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1627787 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Larsen, C. B., Winther, K. H., Cramon, P. K., Rasmussen, Å. K., Feldt‐Rasmussen, U., Grøenvold, M., Bjørner, J. B., Hegedűs, L. D., Watt, T., & Bonnema, S. J. (2023) · Thyroid Research · doi:10.1186/s13044-023-00178-0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Rigó, A., Malkov, K., Szabó, A., Bognár, V. K., & Urbán, R. (2023) · Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s41687-023-00606-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Familial Risk of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in a Large Genealogical Database
Bujnis, M. N., DeSalvo, K., Neklason, D. W., Madsen, M. J., & Jorde, L. B. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf251 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Li, C. W., Osman, R., Menconi, F., Hou, H., Schechter, C. B., Kozhakhmetova, A., & Tomer, Y. (2023) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2022.0511 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Osowiecka, K., Skrypnik, D., & Myszkowska-Ryciak, J. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17213387 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Prevalence and severity of fatigue in treated hypothyroidism: results of a UK survey
Grixti, L., Fisher, H., Priestley, J., McMullan, C., Woollven, A., Perros, P., Mitchell, A. L., Gan, E. H., & Pearce, S. H. S. (2025) · European Thyroid Journal · doi:10.1530/etj-25-0044 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bayraktar, N., Eren, M., Bayraktar, M., Öztürk, A., & Erdoğdu, H. (2023) · Journal of Medical Biochemistry · doi:10.5937/jomb0-40683 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Metabolomics-based treatment for chronic diseases: results from a multidisciplinary clinical study
Tsoukalas, D., Sarandi, E., Fragoulakis, V., Xenidis, S., Mhliopoulou, M., Charta, M., Paramera, E. I., Papakonstantinou, E., & Tsatsakis, A. M. (2024) · BMJ Nutrition Prevention & Health · doi:10.1136/bmjnph-2024-000883 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Berisha‐Muharremi, V., Tahirbegolli, B., Phypers, R., & Hanna, R. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13071555 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Vuletić, M., Žnidar, V., Žižić, A. B., Sladić, S., Kaličanin, D., Lovrić, V. T., Cvek, M., Punda, A., & Perica, V. B. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15111510 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sim, M., Tan, E., Liew, H., Tan, A. W. K., & Li, H. (2025) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2025.10.041 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Teng, C., Huang, N., & Chou, Y. (2026) · Reproductive Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1002/rmb2.70020 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tagoe, C. E., Wang, W., & Barbour, K. E. (2023) · Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease · doi:10.1177/1759720x231154984 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Osowiecka, K., Skrypnik, D., & Myszkowska-Ryciak, J. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17061015 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mooij, C. F., & van Trotsenburg, A. S. P. (2023) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2023.0184 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationGrani, G. (2023) · Clinical Thyroidology · doi:10.1089/ct.2023;35.498-500 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Łącka, K., Maciejewski, A., Łącka, A. M., Herman, W. A., Łącki, J., Żaba, R. W., & Kowalczyk, M. J. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26136299 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Hashimoto-pajzsmirigygyulladás egészségpszichológiai megközelítésben
Rigó, A. (2022) · doi:10.14232/sztep.pszibet.2022.4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kapfhammer, H. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65873-4_9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Manto, M. U., & Hampe, C. S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15070-8_91
Мodern achievement and issues in primary hypothyroidism treatment
Николаева, А. В., Валерьевич, Д. М., Пименов, Л. Т., & Resnik, E. V. (2024) · Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) · doi:10.30629/0023-2149-2023-101-12-613-622
Tagoe, C. E., Wang, W., & Kwon, H. H. (2024) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1445188
The Role of Herbal Therapy in the Treatment of Graves’ Disease and Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Kafadar, M. T., & Demir, B. (2024) · doi:10.2174/9789815305005124010013
Gao, Q. F., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., & Zhou, B. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6066928/v1
Nutrition-Based, High-Protein Adjunct Therapy for Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Case Report
Limbaugh, S. L., Ennessy, L. A., Davis, K. S., & Allen, V. T. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.91597
Zhang, D., Zhang, D., Qu, X., Huihong, C., & He, Y. (2025) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/80993
Feng, X., Lyu, X., Gao, Y., Gao, X., & Gao, R. L. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1827517
Kılınç, Ş., & Atasoy, Z. B. K. (2026) · Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine · doi:10.32322/jhsm.1887152
Omdal, R., Grimstad, T. B., Jonsson, G., Kvaløy, J. T., Gibbs, C., Reitsma, L. C., Bernklev, T., & Hoff, G. S. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1862441
- Authors
- Groenewegen, K. L., Mooij, C. F., & van Trotsenburg, A. S. P.
- Affiliations
- Emma Kinderziekenhuis (NL)
- ORCID
- Mooij, Christiaan F.
- Venue
- Journal of Translational Autoimmunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 4
- Pages
- 100101
- ISSN
- 2589-9090 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8122172
- OpenAlex
- W3156802564
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Translational Autoimmunity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroid autoimmunity, quality of life, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, thyroid autoantibodies, autoimmune thyroid disease, immunomodulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
