Institution of localized high-frequency electrical stimulation targeting early myocardial infarction: Effects on left ventricle function and geometry
Open accessAbstract
Background Although strategies have focused on myocardial salvage/regeneration in the context of an acute coronary syndrome and a myocardial infarction (MI), interventions targeting the formed MI region and altering the course of the post-MI remodeling process have not been as well studied. This study tested the hypothesis that localized high-frequency stimulation instituted within a formed MI region using low-amplitude electrical pulses would favorably change the trajectory of changes in left ventricle geometry and function.Methods At 7 days following MI induction, pigs were randomized for localized high-frequency stimulation (n = 5, 240 bpm, 0.8 V, and 0.05 ms pulses) or unstimulated (n = 6). Left ventricle geometry and function were measured at baseline (pre-MI) and at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-MI using echocardiography. MI size at 28 days post-MI was determined by histochemical staining and planimetry.Results At 7 days post-MI and before randomization to localized high-frequency stimulation, left ventricular ejection fraction and end-diastolic volume was equivalent. However, when compared with 7-day post-MI values, left ventricle end-diastolic volume increased in a time-dependent manner in the MI unstimulated group, but the relative increase in left ventricle end-diastolic volume was reduced in the MI localized high-frequency stimulation group. For example, by 28 days post-MI, left ventricle end-diastolic volume increased by 32% in the MI unstimulated group but only by 12% in the MI localized high-frequency stimulation group (P < .05). Whereas left ventricular ejection fraction appeared unchanged between MI groups, estimates of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, a marker of adverse left ventricle performance and progression to failure, increased by 62% in the MI unstimulated group and actually decreased by 17% in the MI localized high-frequency stimulation group when compared with 7-day post-MI values (P < .05). MI size was equivalent between the MI groups, indicative of no difference in the extent of absolute myocardial injury.Conclusions The unique findings from this study are 2-fold. First, targeting the MI region following the resolution of the acute event using a localized stimulation approach is feasible. Second, localized stimulation modified a key parameter of adverse post-MI remodeling (dilation) and progression to heart failure. These findings demonstrate that the MI region itself is a modifiable tissue and responsive to localized electrical stimulation.
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The heart generates its own electromagnetic field arising from ionic fluxes during cardiomyocyte depolarization and repolarization.
“Notably, the heart generates its own electromagnetic field (EMF), arising from ionic fluxes during cardiomyocyte depolarization and repolarization [3,4].”
From The Heart’s Electromagnetic Field in Emotions, Empathy and Human Connection: Biosensor-Derived Insights into Heart–Brain Axis Mechanisms and a Basis for Novel BioMagnetoTherapies (2026) · cites this paper as [3]
The Discussion (page not specified) describes ion channels in infarct-region fibroblasts and externally applied electrical stimulation. It does not address an electromagnetic field generated by the heart through cardiomyocyte depolarization and repolarization; searches for those terms found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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“Electromagnetic Fields as an Emerging, Measurable Component of the Heart–Brain Axis Notably, the heart generates its own electromagnetic field (EMF), arising from ionic fluxes during cardiomyocyte depolarization and repolarization [3,4].”
- Authors
- Genau, M. C., Perreault, P. E., Romito, E., Doviak, H., Logdon, C. B., Ruble, S., & Spinale, F. G.
- Affiliations
- University of South Carolina (US)
- Boston Scientific (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Spinale, Francis G.
- Venue
- The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-08
- Volume
- 156
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 568-575
- ISSN
- 0022-5223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2789359019
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Fibrosis and Remodeling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
- Keywords
- electrical stimulation, myocardial infarction, post-infarction remodeling, left ventricular geometry, left ventricular function, end-diastolic volume, ejection fraction, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, heart failure, myocardial salvage, pigs, acute coronary syndrome, cardiac regeneration, echocardiography, myocardial stunning
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Echocardiography, Electric Stimulation, Heart Ventricles, Myocardial Infarction, Swine, Ventricular Function, Left, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
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