The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The profile of patients with venous leg ulcers: A systematic review and global perspective
Open accessAbstract
Background A holistic profile that includes demographic, medical history and wound characteristics of individuals with venous leg ulceration is lacking. Lack of such a profile negatively impacts the ability to develop interventions to improve patient outcomes. Objectives To describe the profile of the patient population with venous leg ulceration from published observational (non-interventional) studies and to identify gaps in the knowledge base for future research in this area. Methods A systematic review of observational studies that included more than 50 patients, from any world region, of any age and in any care setting. Results twenty studies, involving 3395 patients, from all world regions met our criteria. Demographic characteristics were well reported and showed a female to male ratio of 1.2:1, average age of 47-65 years, high levels of co-morbidities including hypertension (53-71%) and diabetes (16-20%), and only one study reporting ethnicity. When reported, approximately 4-30% had high levels of depression. The average wound size was 18.6-43.39 cm 2; mean wound duration was 13.8-65.5 months, mean number of recurrences was four. No study reported on demographic factors plus medical history plus wound characteristics together. Conclusion a comprehensive, holistic profile of the population with VLU is lacking. There is a critical need for more comprehensive profiling to enable the development of targeted interventions to improve outcomes.
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People living with a venous leg ulcer are at risk of, or have to cope with, multiple other chronic conditions.
“recent evidence suggests people living with a venous leg ulcer are at risk of, or have to cope with multiple other chronic conditions (Gethin et al., 2021; Kelly and Gethin, 2019).”
From Application and challenges of using a Constructivist Grounded Theory methodology to address an undertheorized clinical challenge: A discussion paper (2024) · cites this paper as Gethin et al., 2021
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
A Review of Chronic Wounds and Their Impact on Negative Affect, Cognition, and Quality of Life
Redmond, M. C., Gethin, G., & Finn, D. P. (2025) · International Wound Journal · doi:10.1111/iwj.70748 · Cited by 37
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“The lifetime prevalence of VLUs in the total western population is estimated to be up to 1%.(4) It is also estimated that the prevalence of people aged over 65 years of age is higher at 3%–4%.”
BackgroundInfluentialBobbink, P., Larkin, P., & Probst, S. (2024) · International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2024.100199 · Cited by 15
“The aetiology of venous leg ulcers appears to be misunderstood by those affected (Phillips et al., 2018) and recent evidence suggests people living with a venous leg ulcer are at risk of, or have to cope with multiple other chronic conditions (Gethin et al., 2021; Kelly and Gethin, 2019).”
BackgroundFinlayson, K. J., Parker, C. N., Miller, C., Edwards, H., & Campbell, J. (2021) · Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease · doi:10.1177/02683555211063986 · Cited by 12
“With respect to the sociodemographic characteristics in the current study, the mean age and gender distribution was consistent with other venous leg ulcers studies.18,19 The mean BMI of people in this study was 32 which is classified as obese42 and is slightly higher than the figures reported in the literature of ∼30…”
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“The study population closely aligns with previous research, where VLU patients are predominantly older adults with obesity and chronic venous insufficiency [28–32].”
Self-citationCan Thermal Imaging Technique be Used to Predict the Healing Status of a Venous Leg Ulcer?
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“Additionally, individuals living with a VLU are at risk for other chronic conditions (Kelly & Gethin, 2019), frequently multiple in nature (Gethin et al., 2021) and with an increased risk of death (Prochaska et al., 2021).”
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dos Santos, J. C., da Costa, C. C. P., de Farias, S. N. P., Silva, P. A. D. S., de Jesus, P. B. R., Costa, R. N., & Souza, N. V. D. D. O. (2023) · Revista Estima · doi:10.30886/estima.v21.1321_pt · Cited by 4
Treating Infected Non-Healing Venous Leg Ulcers with Medical-Grade Honey: A Prospective Case Series
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Acts of negotiation: toward a grounded theory of nursing practice in chronic wound care in Austria
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“Moreover, they require treatment over extended time periods: healing times for venous leg ulcers, for instance, are estimated between 1 and 5 years [6].”
BackgroundMethods for sampling wound fluid from venous leg ulcers for molecular analyses: A scoping review
McDaniel, J. C., Kim, B., & McGowan, D. R. (2023) · International Wound Journal · doi:10.1111/iwj.14315 · Cited by 3
TELENURSING TO PATIENTS WITH VENOUS ULCERS: GUIDELINES PROVIDED AND OUTCOME OF REMOTE MONITORING
dos Santos, J. C., da Costa, C. C. P., de Farias, S. N. P., Silva, P. A. D. S., de Jesus, P. B. R., Costa, R. N., & Souza, N. V. D. D. O. (2023) · Revista Estima · doi:10.30886/estima.v21.1321_in · Cited by 2
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Use Is Associated with Venous Ulcer Healing and Fewer Wound Infections
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Effect of Unna's boot on venous ulcer healing: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Córdova, F. P., Furhmann, A. C., do Carmo, A. C. F., Vales, E. N., Terra, D. H., da Silva, B. U., Machado, D. D. O., Lucena, A. D. F., & Paskulin, L. M. G. (2024) · Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP · doi:10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2023-0397en · Cited by 2
“Furthermore, the results reinforce the higher incidence of CVI and VU in the older people and women (1,61,63) .”
ResultSelf‐management to prevent recurrence in venous leg ulcers: A concept analysis
Pennisi, Y., Müller, N., Buckley, C. M., Hartigan, I., & Murphy, S. (2024) · International Wound Journal · doi:10.1111/iwj.14944 · Cited by 1
“7 However, evidence exists regarding the prevention of VLU recurrence.”
BackgroundDisease-Specific Distress in Adults With Venous Leg Ulcers
Parker, C. N., Bui, U. T., Finlayson, K. J., Hindmarsh, J., Seymour, K., Primanda, Y., Skripic, H., & O’Brien, J. (2025) · Journal of Wound Ostomy and Continence Nursing · doi:10.1097/won.0000000000001221 · Cited by 1
Relieving the pressure of venous leg ulcers
Greener, M. (2021) · Nursing and Residential Care · doi:10.12968/nrec.2021.23.3.9 · Cited by 1
Shah, B., Vijendra, A. R., & Bajaj, J. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.68189 · Cited by 1
“However, our results contrast with the studies by Gethin et al. [10] and Probst et al. [11], who found a higher prevalence of venous ulcers in women.”
ResultChronic Wound Management—A Continuing Challenge
Gethin, G., & Mani, R. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-26110-7_1
Self-citationEfeito da Bota de Unna na cicatrização de úlceras venosas: revisão sistemática e metanálise
Córdova, F. P., Furhmann, A. C., do Carmo, A. C. F., Vales, E. N., Terra, D. H., da Silva, B. U., Machado, D. D. O., Lucena, A. D. F., & Paskulin, L. M. G. (2024) · Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP · doi:10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2023-0397pt
Bauer, K. L. (2025) · The Nurse Practitioner · doi:10.1097/01.npr.0000000000000322
Predictors of Self-Efficacy in Patients With Venous Leg Ulcers
Shan, H., & Wang, X. (2025) · Journal of Wound Ostomy and Continence Nursing · doi:10.1097/won.0000000000001199
Drgac, D., & Himmelsbach, R. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24564132
da Silva, M. L. P., Dantas, B. A. D. S., de Oliveira, M. L. G., Júnior, S. A. D. O., Almeida, L. A., Rocha, K. P. D. M., Torres, S. M. D. S. G. S. D. O., FILHO, M. A. C. B., Costa, A. G. D. N., de Oliveira, M. M., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1155/ijcp/5588867
Metadata
- Authors
- Gethin, G., Vellinga, A., Tawfick, W., O'Loughlin, A., McIntosh, C., Mac Gilchrist, C., Murphy, L., Ejiugwo, M., O'Regan, M., Cameron, A., & Ivory, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Gethin, G.
- Venue
- Journal of Tissue Viability
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-02
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 78-88
- ISSN
- 0268-0009 (ISSN-L)
- 0965-206X
- OpenAlex
- W3048406029
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 0.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Tissue Viability (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) (acceptedVersion)
- ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- ARAN (University of Galway Research Repository) (Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Repository UCD (University College Dublin) (cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Internal Medicine › Venous Thromboembolism Diagnosis and Management
- Keywords
- venous leg ulcers, patient characteristics, demographic factors, comorbidities, wound characteristics, wound size, wound duration, ulcer recurrence, depression, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ethnicity, targeted interventions
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Humans, Leg Ulcer, Male, Middle Aged, Varicose Ulcer
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