CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 89Urban Green Space and HealthUrban Arborization and Environmental StudiesPlace Attachment and Urban Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The role of urban green space in promoting health and well-being is related to nature connectedness and biodiversity: Evidence from a two-factor mixed-design experiment

Open access
Gong, Chen, Yang, Rongtian, Li, Shuhua·2024·Landscape and Urban Planning
DOI 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105020
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The health and well-being benefits of green space over gray space have been widely recognized. However, the congruence effect implies that the outcome of environmental exposure is influenced by one's psychological relationship with the environment. This study conducted a two-factor mixed-design experiment with college students (n = 68) to investigate the moderating effect of the psychological factor of nature connectedness (NC) on the short-term benefits of exposure to one urban gray space and two low- and high-biodiversity urban green spaces after completing demanding tasks. Environmental exposure was simulated through 10-minute audio–video clips in a laboratory setting. The findings suggest that low-NC individuals adapt to gray space because they reported neutral to positive results in emotional valence and eudaimonic experience. Additionally, they actively engaged with environmental information for a longer duration, as indicated by the frequency of skin conductance responses. Consequently, they lack the urgency to escape from gray space although they benefit more from green space. Conversely, high-NC individuals tend to seek out green space as a “shelter” in urban areas, because they are vulnerable to gray space with ambient noise and experience significantly better eudaimonic outcomes in the high-biodiversity green space. Our results elucidate the previously found relationship between NC and green space visitation, while also emphasizing the need to comprehend the role of urban green space and the value of biodiversity from an NC perspective.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105020

Cites

12 of 12 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 12 references

Research works printed but not linked: 51

  1. Barron, 2019, Greening blocks: A conceptual typology of practical design interventions to integrate health and climate resilience co-benefits, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 10.3390/ijerph16214241 · DOI
  2. Berto, 2018, An individual’s connection to nature can affect perceived restorativeness of natural environments. Some observations about biophilia, Behavioral Sciences, 8, 10.3390/bs8030034 · DOI
  3. Cameron, 2020, Where the wild things are! Do urban green spaces with greater avian biodiversity promote more positive emotions in humans?, Urban Ecosystems, 23, 301, 10.1007/s11252-020-00929-z · DOI
  4. Caruelle, 2019, The use of electrodermal activity (EDA) measurement to understand consumer emotions – A literature review and a call for action, Journal of Business Research, 104, 146, 10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.06.041 · DOI
  5. Chen, 2022, Looking at buildings or trees? Association of human nature relatedness with eye movements in outdoor space, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 80, 10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101756 · DOI
  6. Colléony, 2020, Unpacking the causes and consequences of the extinction of experience, Biological Conservation, 251, 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108788 · DOI
  7. Craig, 2018, Shopping versus nature? An exploratory study of everyday experiences, Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 9, 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00009 · DOI
  8. Dallimer, 2012, Biodiversity and the Feel-Good factor: Understanding associations between self-reported human well-being and species richness, BioScience, 62, 47, 10.1525/bio.2012.62.1.9 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Davis, 2009, Interdependence with the environment: Commitment, interconnectedness, and environmental behavior, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 29, 173, 10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.11.001 · DOI
  10. Fisher, 2021, Perceived biodiversity, sound, naturalness and safety enhance the restorative quality and wellbeing benefits of green and blue space in a neotropical city, Science of the Total Environment, 755
  11. Hale, 2002, Analyzing digit span components for assessment of attention processes, Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 20, 128, 10.1177/073428290202000202 · DOI
  12. Harrison, 2023, Level of attention mediates the association between connectedness to nature and aesthetic evaluations of photographs of nature, PeerJ, 11, e14926, 10.7717/peerj.14926 · DOI
  13. Huang, 2020, Trees, grass, or concrete? The effects of different types of environments on stress reduction, Landscape and Urban Planning, 193, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103654 · DOI
  14. Johnson, 2022, Water and meadow views both afford perceived but not performance-based attention Restoration: Results From Two Experimental Studies, Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.809629 · DOI
  15. Kaplan, 1995, The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15, 169, 10.1016/0272-4944(95)90001-2 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Kingsley, 2017, Overstating and understating interaction results in international business research, Journal of World Business, 52, 286, 10.1016/j.jwb.2016.12.010 · DOI
  17. Lima, 2022, Eudaimonia in the relationship between human and nature: A systematic literature review, Cleaner Production Letters, 2
  18. Lin, 2014, Opportunity or orientation? Who uses urban parks and why, PloS One, 9, 10.1371/journal.pone.0087422 · DOI
  19. Liu, 2022, The effect of nature exposure, nature connectedness on mental well-being and ill-being in a general Chinese population, Landscape and Urban Planning, 222, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104397 · DOI
  20. Mayer, 2004, The connectedness to nature scale: A measure of individuals’ feeling in community with nature, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24, 503, 10.1016/j.jenvp.2004.10.001 · DOI · Paper page
  21. Miller, 2005, Biodiversity conservation and the extinction of experience, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 20, 430, 10.1016/j.tree.2005.05.013 · DOI
  22. Morton, 2017, Seeing our self reflected in the world around us: The role of identity in making (natural) environments restorative, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 49, 65, 10.1016/j.jenvp.2016.11.002 · DOI
  23. Murdoch, 2019, The Psychological Risk of Minimal Risk Activities: A Pre- and Posttest Study Using the Self-Assessment Manikin, Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 14, 15, 10.1177/1556264618810302 · DOI
  24. Neill, 2019, Nature contact and mood benefits: Contact duration and mood type, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 14, 756, 10.1080/17439760.2018.1557242 · DOI
  25. Nisbet, 2013, The NR-6: A new brief measure of nature relatedness, Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 813, 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00813 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Nisbet, 2009, The nature relatedness scale: Linking individual's connection with nature to environmental concern and behavior, Environment and Behavior, 41, 715, 10.1177/0013916508318748 · DOI · Paper page
  27. Ode, 2009, Indicators of perceived naturalness as drivers of landscape preference, Journal of Environmental Management, 90, 375, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.10.013 · DOI
  28. Oh, 2021, Health and Wellbeing Benefits from Nature Experiences in Tropical Settings Depend on Strength of Connection to Nature, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 10.3390/ijerph181910149 · DOI
  29. Okokon, 2015, Road-traffic noise: Annoyance, risk perception, and noise sensitivity in the Finnish adult population, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12, 5712, 10.3390/ijerph120605712 · DOI
  30. Peirce, 2019, Psychopy2: Experiments in behavior made easy, Behavior Research Methods, 51, 195, 10.3758/s13428-018-01193-y · DOI
  31. Reyes-Riveros, 2021, Linking public urban green spaces and human well-being: A systematic review, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 61, 10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127105 · DOI
  32. Russell, 1980, A circumplex model of affect, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1161, 10.1037/h0077714 · DOI · Paper page
  33. Ryan, 2001, On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being, Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141, 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141 · DOI · Paper page
  34. Shanahan, 2015, What is the role of trees and remnant vegetation in attracting people to urban parks?, Landscape Ecology, 30, 153, 10.1007/s10980-014-0113-0 · DOI
  35. Shanahan, 2019, Nature-based interventions for improving health and wellbeing: The purpose, the people and the outcomes, Sports, 7, 10.3390/sports7060141 · DOI
  36. Shwartz, 2014, Enhancing urban biodiversity and its influence on city-dwellers: An experiment, Biological Conservation, 171, 82, 10.1016/j.biocon.2014.01.009 · DOI
  37. Simkin, 2021, The perceived restorativeness of differently managed forests and its association with forest qualities and individual variables: A field experiment, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 10.3390/ijerph18020422 · DOI
  38. Soga, 2021, Towards a unified understanding of human–nature interactions, Nature Sustainability, 10.1038/s41893-021-00818-z · DOI
  39. Soga, 2023, Global synthesis reveals heterogeneous changes in connection of humans to nature, One Earth, 6, 131, 10.1016/j.oneear.2023.01.007 · DOI
  40. Southon, 2018, Perceived species-richness in urban green spaces: Cues, accuracy and well-being impacts, Landscape and Urban Planning, 172, 1, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.12.002 · DOI · Paper page
  41. Stroop, 1935, Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643, 10.1037/h0054651 · DOI · Paper page
  42. Sutton, T. M., Herbert, A. M., & Clark, D. Q. (2019). Valence, arousal, and dominance ratings for facial stimuli. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006), 72(8), 2046–2055. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747021819829012. · DOI
  43. Tam, 2013, Concepts and measures related to connection to nature: Similarities and differences, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 34, 64, 10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.01.004 · DOI
  44. Tang, 2015, Perceptual evaluation of natural landscapes, Environment and Behavior, 47, 595, 10.1177/0013916513520604 · DOI
  45. Tveit, 2009, Indicators of visual scale as predictors of landscape preference; a comparison between groups, Journal of Environmental Management, 90, 2882, 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.12.021 · DOI
  46. Ulrich, 1991, Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 11, 201, 10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80184-7 · DOI · Paper page
  47. van den Bosch, 2017, Urban natural environments as nature-based solutions for improved public health - A systematic review of reviews, Environmental Research, 158, 373, 10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.040 · DOI
  48. van Heezik, 2021, Relationships between childhood experience of nature and green/blue space use, landscape preferences, connection with nature and pro-environmental behavior, Landscape and Urban Planning, 213, 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2021.104135 · DOI
  49. Vowinckel, 2017, Flourishing in the now: Initial validation of a present-eudaimonic time perspective scale, Time & Society, 26, 203, 10.1177/0961463X15577277 · DOI
  50. White, 2017, Natural environments and subjective wellbeing: Different types of exposure are associated with different aspects of wellbeing, Health & Place, 45, 77, 10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.03.008 · DOI · Paper page
  51. Wilkie, 2015, Environment preference and environment type congruence: Effects on perceived restoration potential and restoration outcomes, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 14, 368, 10.1016/j.ufug.2015.03.002 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Gong, C., Yang, R., & Li, S.
Affiliations
Tsinghua University (CN)
Corresponding author
Li, Shuhua
ORCID
Venue
Landscape and Urban Planning
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2024-05
Volume
245
Pages
105020
ISSN
0169-2046 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105020
OpenAlex
W4391517392
Cited by
89
References
12
Citations by year
2026: 42 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 15
FWCI
15.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
Landscape and Urban Planning (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (51978364)
  • Tsinghua University
  • University of Manchester
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Green Space and Health
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Urban Arborization and Environmental Studies
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Place Attachment and Urban Studies
Keywords
urban green space, nature connection, biodiversity, congruency effect, psychological well-being, emotional valence, skin conductance, environmental exposure, gray space, urban noise, university students

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review