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Cited by 16,334Personality Traits and PsychologyPsychometric Methodologies and TestingPsychological Testing and Assessment

A circumplex model of affect.

Russell, James A.·1980·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
DOI 10.1037/h0077714
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  • Affective BCIs are often based on the valence-arousal 2D space to define emotional classes of interest.

    “''Affective BCIs'' [97], [98] are often based on the so-called ''valence-arousal'' 2D space [99] to de ne emotional classes of interest.”

    From Hands-Free Accessible Digital Musical Instruments: Conceptual Framework, Challenges, and Perspectives (2020) · cites this paper as [99]

  • Many EMA studies examining affect as a predictor of craving or smoking behavior subscribed to the circumplex model of emotion, which suggests that negative affect and positive affect are not independent factors and are bipolar ends of the same affective dimension.

    “One factor that has undoubtedly contributed to the poor characterization of PA’s role in smoking behavior and abstinence is that many EMA studies examining affect as a predictor of craving or smoking behavior subscribed to the circumplex model of emotion, which suggests that NA and PA are not independent factors of emotion and are, in fact, bipolar ends of the same affective dimension (Russell, 1”

    From Modeling naturalistic craving, withdrawal, and affect during early nicotine abstinence: A pilot ecological momentary assessment study. (2015) · cites this paper as Russell, 1980

  • These pilot data were not consistent with the circumplex model of emotion which posits that NA and PA represent opposing ends of the same affective dimension.

    “In other words, these pilot data were not consistent with the circumplex model of emotion often utilized in EMA smoking studies which posits that NA and PA represent opposing ends of the same affective dimension (Russell, 1980; Russell & Carroll, 1999; Shiffman, 2013)”

    From Modeling naturalistic craving, withdrawal, and affect during early nicotine abstinence: A pilot ecological momentary assessment study. (2015) · cites this paper as Russell, 1980

  • Anxiety represents a state of high arousal and negative valence and results in enhanced vigilance in the absence of an immediate threat.

    “Anxiety represents a state of high arousal and negative valence6 and results in enhanced vigilance in the absence of an immediate threat7.”

    From Resolving the neural circuits of anxiety (2015) · cites this paper as [6]

  • An alternative view derived from studies of emotional language and supported by Russell and colleagues is that valence is a bipolar dimension bisected by intensity, with emotions distributed in a circumplex around a neutral valence point and moderate intensity.

    “One alternative view, derived from studies of emotional language and supported by Russell and colleagues (Russell, 1980;Russell & Carroll, 1999), is that valence is a bipolar dimension bisected by intensity.Emotions are then distributed in a circle, or circumplex, around a neutral valence point and moderate intensity”

    From Emotional Intensity Predicts Autobiographical Memory Experience (2004) · cites this paper as Russell, 1980

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Authors
Russell, J. A.
Corresponding author
Russell, James A.
ORCID
Russell, James A.
Venue
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1980-12
Volume
39
Issue
6
Pages
1161-1178
ISSN
  • 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1315
DOI
10.1037/h0077714
OpenAlex
W2149628368
Cited by
16,334
References
58
Citations by year
2026: 1046 · 2025: 1188 · 2024: 1163 · 2023: 1110 · 2022: 1098 · 2021: 1182 · 2020: 1089 · 2019: 967 · 2018: 794 · 2017: 698 · 2016: 698 · 2015: 698 · 2014: 690 · 2013: 630 · 2012: 489
FWCI
8.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords
affect, circumplex model, emotions, valence, arousal, affective domain

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