Alterations of the translation apparatus during aging and stress response
Open accessAbstract
Aging is a biological process characterized by the irreversible and time-dependent deterioration of cell functions, tissues, and organs. Accumulating studies in a wide range of species from yeast to human revealed changes associated with the aging process to be conserved throughout evolution. The main characteristics of aging are (i) genomic instability, (ii) loss of telomere function, (iii) epigenetic changes,(iv) increased cellular senescence, (v) depletion of the stem cell pool, (vi) altered intercellular communication and (vii) loss of protein homeostasis. Among the multiple molecular mechanisms underlying aging, alterations of the translation machinery affecting the rate and selectivity of protein biosynthesis seem to play a central role. At the very heart of translation is the ribosome, a multifaceted and universally conserved RNA-protein particle responsible for accurate polypeptide synthesis and co-translational protein folding. Here we summarize and discuss recent developments on the contribution of altered translation and age-dependent modifications on the ribosome structure to aging and cellular senescence.
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Cluster 6 implies mass production of proteins coordinated with higher energy supply.
“Cluster 6, another small but distinct cluster, exhibited OE of translation and ATP synthesis-associated GO terms based on enrichment analysis of upregulated DEGs (Figure 1D); this finding implied mass production of proteins coordinated with higher energy supply because protein translation is a biological process with a high energy demand (Lane and Martin, 2010; Gonskikh and Polacek, 2017).”
From Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Six Subpopulations Reflecting Distinct Cellular Fates in Senescent Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (2020) · cites this paper as Gonskikh and Polacek, 2017
The findings underline the sensitivity and power of single-cell transcriptomics to reveal differences in cell identities and changes within individual cell types under different treatments and conditions, including organismal aging.
“Our findings, in agreement with recent studies, underline the sensitivity and power of single-cell transcriptomics not only to reveal differences in cell identities, but also to reveal changes within individual cell types under different treatments and conditions 23,26,27,70 , including organismal aging 59,60 .”
From Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of the aging mouse brain (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
SPARC is down-regulated in MG (IBA1-positive cells) with aging.
“our scRNA-seq and others 24,27 ), and the aging-related down-regulation of SPARC in MG (IBA1-positive cells; indicated by arrows).”
From Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of the aging mouse brain (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Gonskikh, Y., & Polacek, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Bern (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Polacek, Norbert
- Venue
- Mechanisms of Ageing and Development
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 168
- Pages
- 30-36
- ISSN
- 0047-6374 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2606227689
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Mechanisms of Ageing and Development (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern
- Funders
- Swiss Science Foundation (310030E-162559/1)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
- Keywords
- aging, translation machinery, ribosome, cellular senescence, stress response, proteostasis, ribosome structure, protein synthesis, epigenetic modifications, telomere function, genomic instability, stem cell depletion, intercellular communication
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aging, Animals, Humans, Ribosomes, RNA, Messenger, Protein Biosynthesis, Cellular Senescence, Oxidative Stress, RNA, Untranslated
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