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Exercise, Nutrition, and Combined Exercise and Nutrition in Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Abstract
It is unclear whether the combined effects of exercise and nutrition are better than those of exercise alone or nutrition alone in older adults with sarcopenia. This paper assesses the comparative effects of exercise, nutrition, and the combination of exercise and nutrition on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia. In this systematic review and network meta-analysis, 11 electronic databases were searched up to November 2020. Inclusion criteria were: (1) adults aged 65 years and older with sarcopenia; (2) interventions of exercise, nutrition, or the combination of both; (3) the outcomes include at least one of the following: muscle mass, muscle strength (hand grip and knee extension strength), or physical performance (gait speed and dynamic balance); and (4) randomized control trials. For each outcome measurement, a network meta-analysis was conducted to determine the direct and indirect effects of each intervention compared with each of the other interventions. A total of 26 studies were included in the network meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, exercise alone and the combination of exercise and nutrition significantly increased handgrip strength (1.12 kg, 95% CI: 0.12, 2.11; 2.03 kg, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.97) and improved dynamic balance (-1.76 seconds, 95% CI: -2.24, -1.28; -1.02 seconds, 95% CI: -1.64, -0.39). Both exercise alone and the combination of exercise and nutrition have beneficial effects on muscle strength and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia.
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“The two reviews and NMAs did not provide the overall quality of evidence. 23 , 25”
From Exercise for sarcopenia in older people: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [25]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wu, P.-Y., Huang, K.-S., Chen, K.-M., Chou, C.-P., & Tu, Y.-K.
- Affiliations
- Chang Gung University (TW)
- Kaohsiung Medical University (TW)
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Kun-Siang
- Chen, Kuei-Min
- Tu, Yu-Kang
- Venue
- Maturitas
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 145
- Pages
- 38-48
- ISSN
- 0378-5122 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3116545475
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 12
- FWCI
- 2.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Maturitas (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Kaohsiung Medical University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, older adults, physical activity, nutrition, muscle mass, muscle strength, grip strength, quadriceps strength, physical performance, walking speed, dynamic balance
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Humans, Nutritional Status, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Sarcopenia
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