Cited by 168Nutrition and Health in AgingMuscle metabolism and nutritionMuscle Physiology and Disorders

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Exercise, Nutrition, and Combined Exercise and Nutrition in Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

Wu, Pei-Yu, Huang, Kun-Siang, Chen, Kuei-Min, Chou, Chia-Pei, Tu, Yu-Kang·2021·Maturitas

DOI 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.12.009

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Abstract

It is unclear whether the combined effects of exercise and nutrition are better than those of exercise alone or nutrition alone in older adults with sarcopenia. This paper assesses the comparative effects of exercise, nutrition, and the combination of exercise and nutrition on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia. In this systematic review and network meta-analysis, 11 electronic databases were searched up to November 2020. Inclusion criteria were: (1) adults aged 65 years and older with sarcopenia; (2) interventions of exercise, nutrition, or the combination of both; (3) the outcomes include at least one of the following: muscle mass, muscle strength (hand grip and knee extension strength), or physical performance (gait speed and dynamic balance); and (4) randomized control trials. For each outcome measurement, a network meta-analysis was conducted to determine the direct and indirect effects of each intervention compared with each of the other interventions. A total of 26 studies were included in the network meta-analysis. Compared with the control group, exercise alone and the combination of exercise and nutrition significantly increased handgrip strength (1.12 kg, 95% CI: 0.12, 2.11; 2.03 kg, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.97) and improved dynamic balance (-1.76 seconds, 95% CI: -2.24, -1.28; -1.02 seconds, 95% CI: -1.64, -0.39). Both exercise alone and the combination of exercise and nutrition have beneficial effects on muscle strength and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia.

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Authors: Wu, P.-Y., Huang, K.-S., Chen, K.-M., Chou, C.-P., & Tu, Y.-K.
Affiliations: Chang Gung University (TW)
Kaohsiung Medical University (TW)
National Taiwan University (TW)
Corresponding author: Huang, Kun-Siang
Chen, Kuei-Min
Tu, Yu-Kang
ORCID: Huang, Kun-Siang
Chen, Kuei-Min
Tu, Yu-Kang
Venue: Maturitas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2021-03
Volume: 145
Pages: 38-48
ISSN: 0378-5122 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.12.009
OpenAlex: W3116545475
Cited by: 168
References: 74
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 12
FWCI: 2.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Maturitas (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Kaohsiung Medical University
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords: sarcopenia, older adults, physical activity, nutrition, muscle mass, muscle strength, grip strength, quadriceps strength, physical performance, walking speed, dynamic balance
MeSH terms: Aged, Humans, Nutritional Status, Exercise, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Sarcopenia

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Exercise, Nutrition, and Combined Exercise and Nutrition in Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

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