Cited by 217Acute Myocardial Infarction ResearchCardiac Health and Mental HealthCardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion

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L-Carnitine in the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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DiNicolantonio, James J., Lavie, Carl J., Fares, Hassan, Menezes, Arthur R., O'Keefe, James H.·2013·Mayo Clinic Proceedings

DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.02.007

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Abstract

Objective To evaluate the effects of L-carnitine compared with placebo or control on morbidity and mortality in the setting of acute myocardial infarction.Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 controlled trials (N=3629) was conducted to determine the effects of L-carnitine vs placebo or control on mortality, ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), angina, heart failure, and reinfarction. These trials were identified via searches of the Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Excerpta Medica (Embase) databases between May 1, 2012, and August 31, 2012.Results Compared with placebo or control, L-carnitine was associated with a significant 27% reduction in all-cause mortality (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54-0.99; P=.05; risk ratio [RR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.60-1.00; P=.05), a highly significant 65% reduction in VAs (RR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.21-0.58; P<.0001), and a significant 40% reduction in the development of angina (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.50-0.72; P<.00001), with no reduction in the development of heart failure (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.67-1.09; P=.21) or myocardial reinfarction (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.41-1.48; P=.45).Conclusion Compared with placebo or control, L-carnitine is associated with a 27% reduction in all-cause mortality, a 65% reduction in VAs, and a 40% reduction in anginal symptoms in patients experiencing an acute myocardial infarction. Further study with large randomized controlled trials of this inexpensive and safe therapy in the modern era is warranted.

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Background
Ефективність терапії пацієнтів із ішемічною хворобою серця з застосуванням фіксованої комбінації L-аргініну та L-карнітину з точки зору доказової медицини. Огляд міжнародних наукових джерел
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L-carnitine Improves Atherosclerotic Plaques in Hyperlipidemic Animal Model (Hyperlipidemic Rabbits)
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“LC treatment is available against ischemia-reperfusion injury and exercise tolerance and activity levels in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been demonstrated in studies [12-17].”
Background
Therapeutic potential of L-carnitine in coronary artery disease: a systematic review
Werida, R. H., & Okda, S. M. (2026) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-025-02048-7 · Cited by 1
“Clinical research showed that supplementing L-carnitine can improve myocardial fat metabolism because it increases the need for free fatty acids and their metabolites, which improves cardiac performance (DiNicolantonio et al. 2013; Malone et al. 2006).”
Nutraceuticals for Fertility and Erectile Health: A Brief Overview of What Works and What Is Worthless
Moyad, M. A. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0425-9_12 · Cited by 1
Diety roślinne w kontekście chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego
Parol, D., & Mamcarz, A. (2015) · Folia Cardiologica · doi:10.5603/fc.2015.0019 · Cited by 2
Вплив патоґенетичного лікування на процеси пероксидації у хворих на ішемічну хворобу серця з коморбідним неалкогольним стеатогепатитом
Скрипник, І. М., Маслова, Г. С., & Щербак, О. В. (2017) · Lviv clinical bulletin · doi:10.25040/lkv2017.04.025 · Cited by 1
The synthesis of N-(4-aryl-thiazol-2-yl)-N1-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-azepin-2-yl)-hydrazine hydrobromides and the cardioprotective activity of (41-methoxyphenyl-thiazol-2-yl) derivative
Demchenko, S. A., Fedchenkova, Y. A., Yeromina, H. О., Herashenko, I. V., Berdnyk, O. H., & Демченко, А. М. (2021) · Pharmacia · doi:10.3897/pharmacia.68.e58788 · Cited by 1
“…therapy, which relevance is associated with the increase in number of patients with acute atrophic and neurodegenerative processes caused by strokes, stenosis processes in brachiocephalic arteries, diabetes, arterial hypertonia, Alzheimer disease, etc. (Dinicolantonio et al. 2013).”
Background
ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION AND ITS MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION COMBINED WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
Yastremska, I. O. (2021) · International Journal of Medicine and Medical Research · doi:10.11603/ijmmr.2413-6077.2020.2.12012 · Cited by 1
“In our opinion, the positive effect of the suggested treatment for inotropic heart function and a significant reduction in incidence and severity of reperfusion arrhythmias were achieved precisely by means of the cardiometabolic effect of L-carnitine, which, as reported by many researchers, is significant in energy me…”
Background
Efectos de la suplementación con L-carnitina en el síndrome de ascitis (hipertensión pulmonar) en los pollos de engorde cultivados a gran altura
Coşkun, M. İ., & Tekeli, A. (2018) · Revista Mvz Córdoba · doi:10.21897/rmvz.1523 · Cited by 1
Cardioprotection with levocarnitine intracoronary administration during percutaneous coronary interventions
Semigolovskii, N. Y., Ballyuzek, M. F., Мазуренко, С. О., Guslev, A. B., Козаев, А. В., Михайловна, Н. Е., & Semenova, I. G. (2023) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/ms2023-448 · Cited by 1
Incidence of atrial fibrillation after esophageal cancer surgery with L-carnitine use: a preliminary single-group interventional study
Shingu, Y., Yokota, I., Shichinohe, T., Murakami, S., Ebihara, Y., Kurashima, Y., Hirano, S., & Wakasa, S. (2024) · Surgery Today · doi:10.1007/s00595-024-02802-4 · Cited by 1
“While L-carnitine is indicated for carnitine deficiency, it has recently been reported to be effective in suppressing ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction [10] and POAF after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) [11].”
L-carnitine for reducing cardio-metabolic risk in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: study protocol of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Stelmach-Mardas, M., Bogdański, P., Mardas, M., Szulińska, M., Walkowiak, J., & Piorunek, T. (2016) · Clinical and Translational Degenerative Diseases · doi:10.4103/2468-5658.191356 · Cited by 1
Evaluation of L-carnitine in the treatment of experimentally induced hypomagnesemia in sheep
Helal, M., Hefnawy, A., Abo-Kora, S. Y., & KOPTAN, A. S. M. (2018) · Benha Veterinary Medical Journal · doi:10.21608/bvmj.2018.48553 · Cited by 1
“L-carnitine reduces the myocardial injury mainly through improving carbohydrate metabolism and reducing the toxicity of high levels of free fatty acids (Buerrner et al., 2006; Dinicolantonio et al., 2013).”
Background
L-карнітин і його властивості у відновлювальний період після інфаркту міокарда
Івчина, Н. А., Карапетян, К. Г., & Ярош, О. К. (2020) · Pharmacology and Drug Toxicology · doi:10.33250/14.04.235 · Cited by 1
Cardiovascular Disease
Caroline, M., Bradley, R. D., & Guarneri, M. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780190466268.003.0013 · Cited by 1
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Congenital Heart Disease
Fineman, S. M. B. J. R. (2014) · Pediatrics & Therapeutics · doi:10.4172/2161-0665.1000199
RESEARCH ARTICLE L-carnitine of red meat consumption contributes less in heart diseases progression as compared to low expressed PPARα leading to activation of mTOR1C
Bacha, U., Nasir, M. I., Ali, M. A., Akbar, N., Anjum, A. A., Javed, Hussain, T., Wajid, A., Shahzad, T., & Anjum, R. (2013)
Carnitine homeostasis in humans
Borum, P. R. (2014) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b17092-7
Nutrition and Cardiac Health
Tomella, C., Nardo, V. D., & Fioranelli, M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40010-5_10
Nutritional Supplementation: A Case for L-Carnitine
Virji, A. (2018) · Journal of Dietary Supplements · doi:10.1080/19390211.2018.1429515
“…trials including over 3,600 patients showed L-carnitine supplementation is associated with a 27% reduction in all-cause mortality, a 65% reduction in ventricular arrhythmias, and a 40% reduction in angina symptoms in post–myocardial infarction (MI) patients (Di Nicolantonio et al., 2013).”
Background
Ефективність L-арґініну та L-карнітину в складі комплексного лікування хворих на гострий інфаркт міокарда з коморбідним метаболічним синдромом
Швед, М. І., & Pelo, M. (2018) · Lviv clinical bulletin · doi:10.25040/lkv2018.04.008
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ХОЛІНЕРГІЧНОЇ РЕГУЛЯЦІЇ СЕРЦЯ ЩУРІВ РІЗНОЇ СТАТІ ПРИ ПОШКОДЖЕННІ МІОКАРДА ДЕКСАМЕТАЗОНОМ ТА ЗАСТОСУВАННІ L-КАРНІТИНУ ДЛЯ КОРЕКЦІЇ ДАНОГО СТАНУ
Pelykh, V. Y., & Sverediuk, Y. A. (2019) · Здобутки клінічної і експериментальної медицини · doi:10.11603/1811-2471.2019.v0.i1.10060
Decreased Vagal Influence on the Heart After 24-week Carnitine Supplementation
Zajączkowski, S., Badtke, P., Sawicka, A. K., Zajączkowski, M. A., Olek, R. A., & Wierzba, T. H. (2019) · doi:10.23919/cinc49843.2019.9005839
“L-carnitine was reported to improve systolic function of the left ventricle in patients with heart failure [11], after acute myocardial infarction [12], reduce inflammation and fibrosis in coronary heart disease [13], improve cardiac electrophysiological parameters, ameliorate peripheral neuropathy in diabetes [14], i…”
Background
Response to letter to the editor regarding: “Effect of l-carnitine supplementation on muscle cramps induced by stroke: A case report”
Miwa, T., Hanai, T., Morino, K., Katsumura, N., & Shimizu, M. (2020) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.110800
Cytoprotection in acute myocardial infarction after the discovery of a heart attack-dependent artery. New perspectives
Batushkin, V. (2017) · Medicine of Ukraine · doi:10.37987/1997-9894.2017.8(214).222426
Expediency of сitoprotective treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction, who were performed percutaneous coronary intervention
Швед, М. І., Добрянський, Т. О., Tsuglevich, L. V., & Heryak, S. M. (2020) · Journal of Education Health and Sport · doi:10.12775/jehs.2020.10.02.031
Nutraceuticals Supporting Heart Function in Heart Failure
Cicero, A. F. G., & Colletti, A. (2021) · Contemporary cardiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62632-7_11
The nutrigenomic metabolite L‑carnitine directly modulates the activity and expression of nuclear receptors in adipocytes, liver and muscle cellsPreprint
Förster, L., Indra, D., & Hofbauer, R. (2019) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.2.14505/v1
“Additionally, Lcarnitine seems to have beneficial impacts on ventricular dysfunction, arrythmia and angina pectoris [7].”
Background
Частота порушень ритму і провідності та антиаритмічна ефективність upstream-терапії у хворих на гострий інфаркт міокарда з коморбідними метаболічним синдромом і ендотеліальною дисфункцією судин
Швед, М. І., Yastremska, I. O., & Добрянський, Т. О. (2021) · Lviv clinical bulletin · doi:10.25040/lkv2021.01-02.008
АНТИАРИТМІЧНА UPSTREAM-ТЕРАПІЯ ЕКСТРАСИСТОЛІЧНОЇ АРИТМІЇ У ВАГІТНИХ ЗІ СТИГМАМИ СПОЛУЧНОТКАНИННОЇ ДИСПЛАЗІЇ
Dobrianska, V. Y., Швед, М. І., Heryak, S. M., & Маланчук, Л. М. (2021) · Актуальні питання педіатрії акушерства та гінекології · doi:10.11603/24116-4944.2021.1.12353
Atherosclerosis and depression. Obvious and non-obvious relationships. Part II
Смирнова, М. Д., Николаевна, С. О., Николаевна, Б. З., & Ageev, F. T. (2022) · Russian Cardiology Bulletin · doi:10.17116/cardiobulletin20221701114
Onkologie und Versorgung in Fach- und Publikumsmedien
(2020) · Der Onkologe · doi:10.1007/s00761-020-00868-6
Decreased Vagal Influence on the Heart after 24-Week Carnitine Supplementation
Zajączkowski, S., Badtke, P., Sawicka, A. K., Zajączkowski, M. A., Olek, R. A., & Wierzba, T. H. (2019) · Computing in cardiology · doi:10.22489/cinc.2019.155
CORRECTION OF INSULIN RESISTANCE IN OBESE PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND COMORBID METABOLIC SYNDROME
Швед, М. І., & Yastremska, I. O. (2022) · Art of Medicine · doi:10.21802/artm.2022.2.22.113
Recent publications by ochsner authors.
(2013) · PubMed Central
Prolonged Use of Carnitine-Orotate Complex (Godex®) Is Associated with Improved Mortality: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Park, K., Hong, S., Kim, K., Han, K., & Park, C. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12121970
“One systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that L-carnitine supplementation was associated with a 27% reduction in all-cause mortality in patients who had experienced an acute myocardial infarction [8].”
Background
ВПЛИВ ЦИТОПРОТЕКТОРНОЇ ТА МЕТАБОЛІЧНОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ НА ДИНАМІКУ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ЯКОСТІ ЖИТТЯ У ХВОРИХ НА ГОСТРИЙ КОРОНАРНИЙ СИНДРОМ (STEMI), ЩО РОЗВИНУВСЯ НА ТЛІ ЦУКРОВОГО ДІАБЕТУ 2-ГО ТИПУ
Швед, М. І., & Овсійчук, Р. М. (2023) · Здобутки клінічної і експериментальної медицини · doi:10.11603/1811-2471.2023.v.i1.13734
Exchanges between the gastrointestinal system and the brain
Robinson, L. B. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-89827-0.00003-6
Peculiarities of clinical signs, course and treatment of musculoskeletal system lesions in post-COVID syndrome
Voloshyna, L. O., Smiyan, S., Voloshyn, O. I., Buzdugan, I. O., Bukach, O., Voloshynovych, N., & Doholich, O. I. (2023) · Reumatologia/Rheumatology · doi:10.5114/reum/172575
Intracoronary use of levocarnitine for coronary artery stent insertion in high-risk patients
Semigolovskii, N. Y., Balluzek, М. F., Борисович, Г. А., Мазуренко, С. О., Козаев, А. В., Semenova, I. G., Михайловна, Н. Е., & Scheglov, A. (2024) · Medicine of Extreme Situations · doi:10.47183/mes.2024.010
STUDY OF THE EFFICACY OF COENZYME Q10, L-CARNITINE AND MELDONIUM AND SOME OF THEIR COMBINATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF SIDE EFFECTS CAUSED BY STATINS IN AN EXPERIMENT
KARSANIDZE, A., ANTELAVA, N., Gorgaslidze, N., OKUJAVA, M., Ghonghadze, M., Pachkoria, K., & Gogolauri, M. I. (2024) · EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL MEDICINE GEORGIA · doi:10.52340/jecm.2024.02.12
Opportunities of metabolic treatment in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients with obesity, arterial hypertension and/or ischemic heart disease
Балабанович, Т. И., Golyshko, V. S., Sinkevich, I. A., Shkuta, E. S., Veniadziktova, E. A., Baliuk, P. V., & Knysh, A. V. (2024) · Cardiac Arrhythmias · doi:10.17816/cardar629168
Beyond the Gut: Exploring Cardiovascular Implications of Celiac Disease
Verma, S., Kumari, V., Yangzom, D.-K., Anamika, F., Aggarwal, K., Singh, B. P., & Jain, R. (2024) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000000782
L-Carnitine: A New Therapeutic Option for the Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation in Non-Cardiac Surgery—A Single-Group Interventional Pilot Study
Shingu, Y., Yokota, I., Kato, T., Hida, Y., Kaga, K., Gao, J., & Wakasa, S. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13206228
“This dose was based on a meta-analysis [8] that indicated that 2 g/day was the minimally effective dose to prevent arrhythmia.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Upstream therapy of reperfusion disorders of hemodynamics, rhythm and conduction in patients with acute myocardial infarction with diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (second message)
Швед, М. І., Yastremska, I. O., Овсійчук, Р. М., Martynyuk, L. P., Prokopovych, O. A., & Кіцак, Я. М. (2025) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine) · doi:10.22141/2224-0721.21.1.2025.1487
Serum Metabolites in Individuals with Pccb C.1606a > G (P.Asn536asp) Variant Propionic Acidemia Examining Correlations with Dilated CardiomyopathyPreprint
Edmiston, P., Bencic, A., Coenen, B., McErlean, R., Wenger, O. K., Scott, E. M., Hershberger, J., & Smith, B. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5240557
Nutraceuticals in Reproductive and Urinary Disorders: A Brief Review
Nayak, S. K., Rout, S. K., Das, A. K., Patra, A. K., & Sahu, P. K. (2025) · Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology · doi:10.52711/0974-360x.2025.00344

Authors: DiNicolantonio, J. J., Lavie, C. J., Fares, H., Menezes, A. R., & O'Keefe, J. H.
Affiliations: Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
The University of Queensland (AU)
Corresponding author: DiNicolantonio, James J.
ORCID: DiNicolantonio, James J.
Lavie, Carl J.
Venue: Mayo Clinic Proceedings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-06
Volume: 88
Issue: 6
Pages: 544-551
ISSN: 0025-6196 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.02.007
OpenAlex: W2171503971
Cited by: 217
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11
FWCI: 2.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Mayo Clinic Proceedings (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
Keywords: L-carnitine, acute myocardial infarction, secondary prevention, all-cause mortality, ventricular arrhythmias, angina pectoris, reinfarction, heart failure, cardiovascular disease
MeSH terms: Angina Pectoris, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Carnitine, Heart Failure, Humans, Myocardial Infarction, Vitamin B Complex, Odds Ratio, Treatment Outcome, Secondary Prevention

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L-Carnitine in the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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