The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
L-Carnitine in the Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of L-carnitine compared with placebo or control on morbidity and mortality in the setting of acute myocardial infarction.Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 controlled trials (N=3629) was conducted to determine the effects of L-carnitine vs placebo or control on mortality, ventricular arrhythmias (VAs), angina, heart failure, and reinfarction. These trials were identified via searches of the Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Excerpta Medica (Embase) databases between May 1, 2012, and August 31, 2012.Results Compared with placebo or control, L-carnitine was associated with a significant 27% reduction in all-cause mortality (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54-0.99; P=.05; risk ratio [RR], 0.78; 95% CI, 0.60-1.00; P=.05), a highly significant 65% reduction in VAs (RR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.21-0.58; P<.0001), and a significant 40% reduction in the development of angina (RR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.50-0.72; P<.00001), with no reduction in the development of heart failure (RR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.67-1.09; P=.21) or myocardial reinfarction (RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.41-1.48; P=.45).Conclusion Compared with placebo or control, L-carnitine is associated with a 27% reduction in all-cause mortality, a 65% reduction in VAs, and a 40% reduction in anginal symptoms in patients experiencing an acute myocardial infarction. Further study with large randomized controlled trials of this inexpensive and safe therapy in the modern era is warranted.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis of 13 controlled trials (n = 3,629 people) reported that low oral dosage of L-carnitine resulted in 27% reduction in all-cause mortality, a 65% reduction in ventricular arrhythmias, and a 40% reduction in angina symptoms in patients who had an acute myocardial infarction (37).”
From Trimethylamine N -Oxide, the Microbiome, and Heart and Kidney Disease (2017) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“A systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 controlled trials showed that l-carnitine is associated with a 27% reduction in all-cause mortality, a 65% reduction in ventricular arrhythmias and a 40% reduction in anginal symptoms in patients experiencing an acute myocardial infarction compared to controls [59].”
From Trimethylamine N-oxide: the good, the bad and the unknown. (2016) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“A systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 controlled trials showed that l-carnitine is associated with a 27% reduction in all-cause mortality, a 65% reduction in ventricular arrhythmias and a 40% reduction in anginal symptoms in patients experiencing an acute myocardial infarction compared to controls [59].”
From Trimethylamine N-oxide: the good, the bad and the unknown. (2016) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“A systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 controlled trials showed that l-carnitine is associated with a 27% reduction in all-cause mortality, a 65% reduction in ventricular arrhythmias and a 40% reduction in anginal symptoms in patients experiencing an acute myocardial infarction compared to controls [59].”
From Trimethylamine N-oxide: the good, the bad and the unknown. (2016) · cites this paper as [59]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000100 · Cited by 28,164
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gotzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2700 · Cited by 17,648
Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary?
Jadad, A. R., Moore, R. A., Carroll, D., Jenkinson, C., Reynolds, D. J. M., Gavaghan, D. J., & McQuay, H. J. (1996) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(95)00134-4 · Cited by 17,582
Kearon (2012) · doi:10.1378/chest.11-2301 · Cited by 6,119
Burr, M. L., Gilbert, J. F., Holliday, R. M., Elwood, P. C., Fehily, A. M., Rogers, S., Sweetnam, P. M., & Deadman, N. M. (1989) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90828-3 · Cited by 2,610
White, H. D., Norris, R. M., Brown, M. A., Brandt, P. W., Whitlock, R. M. L., & Wild, C. J. (1987) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.76.1.44 · Cited by 2,348
Rauch, B., Schiele, R., Schneider, S., Diller, F., Victor, N., Gohlke, H., Gottwik, M., Steinbeck, G., Del Castillo, U., Sack, R., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.948562 · Cited by 607
Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease
Vandvik, P. O., Lincoff, A. M., Gore, J. M., Gutterman, D. D., Sonnenberg, F. A., Alonso-Coello, P., Akl, E. A., Lansberg, M. G., Guyatt, G. H., & Spencer, F. A. (2012) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.11-2306 · Cited by 476
Changes in tissue levels of carnitine and other metabolites during myocardial ischemia and anoxia
Shug, A. L., Thomsen, J., Folts, J. D., Bittar, N., Klein, M. I., Koke, J. R., & Huth, P. J. (1978) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(78)90003-6 · Cited by 247
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Bai, 2009, L-Carnitine and cardiovascular disease: from basic science to clinical application, Cardiology, 114, 128
- Kobulia, 2002, Effects of carnitine on 6-month incidence of mortality and heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction, Ann Biomed Res Educ, 2, 240
- Rebuzzi, 1984, Beneficial effects of L-carnitine in the reduction of the necrotic area in acute myocardial infarction, Drugs Exp Clin Res, 10, 219
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Postler, T. S., & Ghosh, S. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.05.008 · Cited by 876
“Dietary supplementation with L-carnitine has also been associated with a significant decrease in the risk of cardiovascular disease, in apparent contradiction to the reported association of elevated plasma L-carnitine with increased risk (DiNicolantonio et al., 2013; Ussher et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSchiattarella, G. G., Sannino, A., Toscano, E., Giugliano, G., Gargiulo, G., Franzone, A., Trimarco, B., Esposito, G., & Perrino, C. (2017) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx342 · Cited by 563
“Two different recent meta-analyses analysing the association between Lcarnitine supplementation and cardiovascular risk reported opposite results, feeding those controversies.(37,38) Given the need for synthetic quantitative data addressing the potential use of TMAO as novel biomarker in CVD, we conducted the first sy…”
ResultTrimethylamine N-oxide: the good, the bad and the unknown.
Velasquez, M., Ramezani, A., Manal, A., & Raj, D. (2016) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins8110326 · Cited by 504
“A systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 controlled trials showed that L-carnitine is associated with a 27% reduction in all-cause mortality, a 65% reduction in ventricular arrhythmias and a 40% reduction in anginal symptoms in patients experiencing an acute myocardial infarction compared to controls [59].”
Zhang, L., & Davies, S. S. (2016) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-016-0296-x · Cited by 521
Trimethylamine N -Oxide, the Microbiome, and Heart and Kidney Disease
Zeisel, S. H., & Warrier, M. (2017) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064732 · Cited by 475
“A meta-analysis of 13 controlled trials (n = 3,629 people) reported that low oral dosage of L-carnitine resulted in 27% reduction in all-cause mortality, a 65% reduction in ventricular arrhythmias, and a 40% reduction in angina symptoms in patients who had an acute myocardial infarction (37).”
Metadata
- Authors
- DiNicolantonio, J. J., Lavie, C. J., Fares, H., Menezes, A. R., & O'Keefe, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- DiNicolantonio, James J.
- Venue
- Mayo Clinic Proceedings
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-06
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 544-551
- ISSN
- 0025-6196 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2171503971
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11
- FWCI
- 2.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Mayo Clinic Proceedings (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Acute Myocardial Infarction Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
- Keywords
- L-carnitine, acute myocardial infarction, secondary prevention, all-cause mortality, ventricular arrhythmias, angina pectoris, reinfarction, heart failure, cardiovascular disease
- MeSH terms
- Angina Pectoris, Arrhythmias, Cardiac, Carnitine, Heart Failure, Humans, Myocardial Infarction, Vitamin B Complex, Odds Ratio, Treatment Outcome, Secondary Prevention
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
