CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 131Gastrointestinal motility and disordersPsychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsGut microbiota and health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 157 of the 158 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Sex- and Gender-Related Differences in Common Functional Gastroenterologic Disorders

Open access
Narayanan, Susrutha Puthanmadhom, Anderson, Bradley, Bharucha, Adil E.·2021·Mayo Clinic Proceedings
DOI 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.10.004PMC PMC8075061
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (FGIDs) result from central and peripheral mechanisms, cause chronic remitting-relapsing symptoms, and are associated with comorbid conditions and impaired quality of life. This article reviews sex- and gender-based differences in the prevalence, pathophysiologic factors, clinical characteristics, and management of functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) that together affect approximately 1 in 4 people in the United States. These conditions are more common in women. Among patients with IBS, women are more likely to have severe symptoms and coexistent anxiety or depression; constipation or bloating and diarrhea are more common in women and men, respectively, perhaps partly because defecatory disorders, which cause constipation, are more common in women. Current concepts suggest that biological disturbances (eg, persistent mucosal inflammation after acute gastroenteritis) interact with other environmental factors (eg, abuse) and psychological stressors, which influence the brain and gut to alter GI tract motility or sensation, thereby causing symptoms. By comparison to a considerable understanding of sex-based differences in the pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity in animal models, we know less about the contribution of these differences to FGID in humans. Slow gastric emptying and colon transit are more common in healthy women than in men, but effects of gonadal hormones on colon transit are less important than in rodents. Although increased visceral sensation partly explains symptoms, the effects of sex on visceral sensation, colonic permeability, and the gut microbiome are less prominent in humans than rodents. Whether sex or gender affects response to medications or behavioral therapy in FD or IBS is unclear because most patients in these studies are women.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.10.004

Cites

157 of 157 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 158 references

1 of the 158 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 101–131 of 131

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Narayanan, S. P., Anderson, B., & Bharucha, A. E.
Affiliations
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • Mercy Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
Bharucha, Adil E.
ORCID
Venue
Mayo Clinic Proceedings
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-04
Volume
96
Issue
4
Pages
1071-1089
ISSN
0025-6196 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.10.004
PMC
PMC8075061
OpenAlex
W3152161209
Cited by
131
References
158
Citations by year
2026: 29 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 4
FWCI
15.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Mayo Clinic Proceedings (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Keywords
functional gastrointestinal disorders, functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, sex differences, gender differences, women, visceral hypersensitivity, visceral sensation, colonic transit, gastric emptying, gonadal hormones, comorbid depression and anxiety, defecation disorders, gut microbiota, colonic permeability, pathogenesis, treatment response
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Severity of Illness Index, Sex Factors, United States, Prevalence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review