The DOI matches its Crossref record; 118 of the 120 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Estrogen metabolism and action in endometriosis
Abstract
Endometriosis is a complex estrogen-dependent disease that is defined as the presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. The etiology of endometriosis is multifactorial and includes complex interactions of genetic, immunological, hormonal and environmental factors. Many theories have been proposed, but no single theory can explain all aspects of endometriosis, suggesting that endometriosis is a heterogeneous disease. This review presents the current theories on the pathogenesis of endometriosis, followed by an overview on estrogen metabolism in normal endometrium and diseased endometrium of endometriosis patients. The potential role of aberrant expression of individual estrogen-metabolizing enzymes is discussed, and a model mechanism for increased formation of estradiol is presented separately for different types of endometriosis. The disturbed expression of estrogen receptors in endometriosis is detailed, and the estrogen biosynthetic enzymes and receptors are discussed as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of endometriosis.
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“Imbalance in the biosynthesis and inactivation of steroids can lead to development of disease, including hormonally dependent cancer”
From Role of aldo-keto reductase family 1 (AKR1) enzymes in human steroid metabolism (2014) · cites this paper as [3]
Citations
Cites
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Estrogen Receptor Null Mice: What Have We Learned and Where Will They Lead Us?
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The complex role of estrogens in inflammation
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Eskenazi, B., & Warner, M. L. (1997) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8545(05)70302-8 · Cited by 1,617
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Sources of estrogen and their importance
Simpson, E. R. (2003) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00360-1 · Cited by 936
Integration of the extranuclear and nuclear actions of estrogen
Levin, E. R. (2005) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2004-0390 · Cited by 708
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Main Theories on the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis
Lamceva, J., Uljanovs, R., & Strumfa, I. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24054254 · Cited by 324
“The main function of regulatory T cells is modulation of the immune system, maintaining tolerance to self-antigens and preventing autoimmune diseases [29].”
BackgroundInfluentialEndometriosis-Associated Macrophages: Origin, Phenotype, and Function
Hogg, C., Horne, A. W., & Greaves, E. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00007 · Cited by 243
“Estrogen signalling modulates a large number of down-stream disease processes within endometriosis lesions, which are reviewed in(30, 31) and (32).”
BackgroundRole of aldo-keto reductase family 1 (AKR1) enzymes in human steroid metabolism
Rižner, T. L., & Penning, T. M. (2014) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2013.10.012 · Cited by 217
“Imbalance in the biosynthesis and inactivation of steroids can lead to development of disease, including hormonally dependent cancer, of the breast, prostate, endometrium and ovary [1], and to diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, endometriosis, cholestasis, neonatal liver failure, neurological disorders [2–6…”
BackgroundSelf-citationVasculogenesis: A new piece of the endometriosis puzzle
Laschke, M. W., Giebels, C., & Menger, M. D. (2011) · Human Reproduction Update · doi:10.1093/humupd/dmr023 · Cited by 136
“Considering the fact that endometriosis is an E2-dependent disease (Rizner, 2009), these findings imply that hormonally regulated EPC mobilization may also play a crucial role in endometriosis (Fig.”
BackgroundUterine disorders and pregnancy complications: insights from mouse models
Lim, H. J., & Wang, H. (2010) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci41210 · Cited by 126
“Altered expression of enzymes involved in estrogen metabolism further enhances the accumulation of estradiol in patients with endometriosis (83, 96).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Rižner, T. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Ljubljana (SI)
- Corresponding author
- Rižner, Tea Lanišnik
- ORCID
- Rižner, Tea Lanišnik
- Venue
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 307
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 8-18
- ISSN
- 0303-7207 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2163825655
- Semantic Scholar
- c603753d7a96016b2da52a05cc0370ed18a55340
- Cited by
- 153
- References
- 120
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Trinity's Access to Research Output (TARA) (Trinity College Dublin) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Endometrial and Cervical Cancer Treatments
- Keywords
- endometriosis, estrogen metabolism, estradiol synthesis, estrogen receptor, endometrium, endometriosis pathogenesis, therapeutic target
- MeSH terms
- Endometriosis, Endometrium, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Receptors, Estrogen
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