Application of artificial intelligence in medical education: A review of benefits, challenges, and solutions
Open accessAbstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) holds indisputable potential in solving global challenges faced in healthcare provision, resulting in its ever-increasing utilization in various medical fields. This review aims to present a thorough evaluation of the advantages, challenges, and leading strategies for utilizing AI in the field of medical education. In order to access the latest studies and documents, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases, using free keywords and MeSH terms representing artificial intelligence, medical education, curriculum, medical student, and their equivalents, without any restriction in time and language, until October 2023. The expanding integration of AI into medical practice, especially in recent decades, has also led to an increase in the use of different AI methods in medical education. However, integrating AI into medical education comes with advantages and obstacles. The advantages include objective student assessment, better clinical simulation organization, and enhanced education transparency. Conversely, the main challenges of AI integration in education are ethical and legal issues, scalability limitations, evaluating the effectiveness of these educational methods, and technical difficulties. Further research is needed to specifically identify the potential benefits and challenges, and analyze the proposed solutions for these challenges. Also, the academic curriculum should be evaluated periodically in order to improve the effectiveness of incorporating AI in medical education. La inteligencia artificial (IA) tiene un potencial indiscutible para resolver los desafíos globales que enfrentan en la prestación de servicios de salud, lo que resulta en su utilización cada vez mayor en diversos campos médicos. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo presentar una evaluación exhaustiva de las ventajas, los desafíos y las estrategias líderes para utilizar la IA en el campo de la educación médica. Para acceder a los estudios y documentos más recientes, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva en las bases de datos Medline (a través de PubMed), Scopus y Web of Science, utilizando palabras clave gratuitas y términos MeSH que representan inteligencia artificial, educación médica, plan de estudios y estudiantes de medicina, y sus equivalentes, sin restricción alguna de tiempo e idioma, hasta octubre de 2023. La creciente integración de la IA en la práctica médica, especialmente en las últimas décadas, también ha llevado a un aumento en el uso de diferentes métodos de IA en la educación médica. Sin embargo, integrar la IA en la educación médica conlleva ventajas y obstáculos. Las ventajas incluyen evaluación objetiva de los estudiantes, mejor organización de la simulación clínica y mayor transparencia educativa. Por el contrario, los principales desafíos de la integración de la IA en la educación son cuestiones éticas y legales, limitaciones de escalabilidad, evaluación de la efectividad de estos métodos educativos y dificultades técnicas. Se necesita más investigación para identificar específicamente los beneficios y desafíos potenciales, y analizar las soluciones propuestas para estos desafíos. Además, el currículo académico debe evaluarse periódicamente para mejorar la eficacia de la incorporación de la IA en la educación médica.
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Scholarly literature concerning AI application in medical education has expanded substantially, fueling demand for its integration into medical curricula.
“Concurrently, the scholarly literature concerning its application in medical education has expanded substantially, thereby fueling the demand for its integration into medical curricula [8, 9].”
From Artificial intelligence in undergraduate medical education: an updated scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
Several studies pointed to the infrastructure, financial resources, and investments necessary to implement AI-driven education methods, as the costs of servers, faculty training, tool development, and technical personnel could be substantial.
“Finally, several studies pointed to the infrastructure, financial resources, and investments necessary to implement AI-driven education methods [9, 50, 181], as the costs of servers, faculty training, tool development, and technical personnel could be substantial [182–184].”
From Artificial intelligence in undergraduate medical education: an updated scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
AI could democratize medical education by supporting the training of future physicians with high-quality medical education in areas with high disease burdens and low densities of healthcare professionals.
“AI could democratize medical education by supporting the training of future physicians with high-quality medical education in areas with high disease burdens and low densities of healthcare professionals [9].”
From Artificial intelligence in undergraduate medical education: an updated scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as [9]
Training in AI concepts must be integrated into undergraduate HPE curricula to ensure students are exposed to AI early so they can navigate its application during practice.
“Training in AI concepts must therefore be integrated into undergraduate HPE curricula to ensure students are exposed to AI early so they can navigate its application during practice [15].”
From Shaping the future: perspectives on the Integration of Artificial Intelligence in health profession education: a multi-country survey (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
Given the accelerated integration of AI in healthcare, it is essential that healthcare professionals are adequately trained in this new technology and graduates are prepared for AI early during their studies.
“Given the accelerated integration of AI in healthcare, it is essential that healthcare professionals are adequately trained in this new technology and graduates are prepared for AI early during their studies [14–16].”
From Shaping the future: perspectives on the Integration of Artificial Intelligence in health profession education: a multi-country survey (2024) · cites this paper as [15]
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AI-Assisted Formative Assessment in Clinical Education: From Algorithms to Agency
Nguyen, Q. T., Ha, T. M., & Mai, T. (2026) · JMIR Medical Education · doi:10.2196/93710 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Higher education 5.0: AI-based strategies for transforming the university ecosystem
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Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Economics Subjects: Literature Review
Liubana, A., Kurjono, K., Dahlan, D., & Amilusholihah (2025) · doi:10.47836/pp.1.2.001
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Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education
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Ethical Considerations in AI-Enabled Healthcare
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Reflection: AI as a catalyst for change in postgraduate medical education
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Distributed Cognition in AI-Mediated Learning Environments for Self-Directed Independent Learners
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Artificial intelligence in medical education
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Artificial intelligence: Reshaping medical education and the healthcare system
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- Authors
- Zarei, M., Eftekhari Mamaghani, H., Abbasi, A., & Hosseini, M.-S.
- Affiliations
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar
- Venue
- Medicina Clínica Práctica
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-04
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 100422
- ISSN
- 2603-9249 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4391074613
- Cited by
- 70
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 9
- FWCI
- 6.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- es
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Medicina Clínica Práctica (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Innovations in Medical Education
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence in medical education, clinical simulation, medical curriculum evaluation, medical students, educational transparency
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