Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 0

The DOI matches its Crossref record; the references it cites are not checked yet.

Geometry-dependent mass transfer at the clear aligner-tooth interface: a state-switched reaction-transport hypothesis for localised cariogenic selection

Machoy-Rakoczy, Monika, Gutowska, Izabela, Rakoczy, Rafał·2026·Medical Hypotheses

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.mehy.2026.112203

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet

Research works printed but not linked: 46

  1. Jiang, 2018, Periodontal health during orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and fixed appliances: a meta-analysis, J Am Dent Assoc, 149, 712, 10.1016/j.adaj.2018.04.010 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Rossini, 2015, Periodontal health during clear aligners treatment: a systematic review, Eur J Orthod, 37, 539, 10.1093/ejo/cju083 · DOI · Paper page
  3. Ponton, 2025, Comparison of oral microbial profile among patients undergoing clear aligner and fixed orthodontic therapies for the treatment of malocclusions: an updated review, Dent J (Basel), 13, 322, 10.3390/dj13070322 · DOI
  4. Peregrina, 2025, Effects of removable clear dental aligners on the composition of the oral microbiome, J Oral Microbiol, 17, 2579836, 10.1080/20002297.2025.2579836 · DOI
  5. Shokeen, 2022, The impact of fixed orthodontic appliances and clear aligners on the oral microbiome and the association with clinical parameters: a longitudinal comparative study, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 161, e475, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.10.015 · DOI
  6. Xu, 2026, Comparison of the effects of clear aligners and fixed appliances on the oral microbiota and reactive oxygen species: a prospective study, Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 15, 1738047, 10.3389/fcimb.2025.1738047 · DOI
  7. Gao, 2025, Time-dependent microbiome dynamics in orthodontic thermoplastic materials: comparing PETG and TPU, Clin Oral Investig, 29, 374, 10.1007/s00784-025-06441-y · DOI
  8. Yan, 2021, Changes in the microbiome of the inner surface of clear aligners after different usage periods, Curr Microbiol, 78, 566, 10.1007/s00284-020-02308-5 · DOI
  9. Xie, 2025, Metabolomic and metagenomic analyses reveal distinct microenvironmental signatures between clear aligner-associated and tooth surface dental plaque, BMC Oral Health, 25, 1839, 10.1186/s12903-025-07231-4 · DOI
  10. Boccuzzi, 2026, Oral microbiome and metabolome changes during orthodontic treatments: a systematic review of limited clinical evidence, Medicina (Kaunas), 62, 224, 10.3390/medicina62010224 · DOI
  11. Marsh, 2003, Are dental diseases examples of ecological catastrophes?, Microbiology, 149, 279, 10.1099/mic.0.26082-0 · DOI · Paper page
  12. Takahashi, 2008, Caries ecology revisited: microbial dynamics and the caries process, Caries Res, 42, 409, 10.1159/000159604 · DOI · Paper page
  13. Hajishengallis, 2012, Beyond the red complex and into more complexity: the polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis model of periodontal disease aetiology, Mol Oral Microbiol, 27, 409, 10.1111/j.2041-1014.2012.00663.x · DOI · Paper page
  14. Mark Welch, 2016, Biogeography of a human oral microbiome at the micron scale, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 113, E791, 10.1073/pnas.1522149113 · DOI · Paper page
  15. von Ohle, 2010, Real-time microsensor measurement of local metabolic activities in ex vivo dental biofilms exposed to sucrose and treated with chlorhexidine, Appl Environ Microbiol, 76, 2326, 10.1128/AEM.02090-09 · DOI
  16. Dige, 2016, Monitoring of extracellular pH in young dental biofilms grown in vivo in the presence and absence of sucrose, J Oral Microbiol, 8, 30390, 10.3402/jom.v8.30390 · doi:10.3402/jom.v8.30390
  17. Schlafer, 2011, pH landscapes in a novel five-species model of early dental biofilm, PLoS One, 6, 10.1371/journal.pone.0025299 · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025299
  18. Kristensen, 2021, Ratiometric imaging of extracellular pH in Streptococcus mutans biofilms exposed to different flow velocities and saliva film thicknesses, J Oral Microbiol, 13, 1949427, 10.1080/20002297.2021.1949427 · doi:10.1080/20002297.2021.1949427
  19. Kristensen, 2023, Determinants of microscale pH in in situ-grown dental biofilms, J Dent Res, 102, 1348, 10.1177/00220345231190563 · DOI
  20. Dawes, 1986, A theoretical analysis of the effects of plaque thickness and initial salivary sucrose concentration on diffusion of sucrose into dental plaque and its conversion to acid during salivary clearance, J Dent Res, 65, 89, 10.1177/00220345860650021701 · DOI
  21. Dibdin, 1990, Effect on a cariogenic challenge of saliva/plaque exchange via a thin salivary film studied by mathematical modelling, Caries Res, 24, 231
  22. Ma, 2010, Modeling of diffusion transport through oral biofilms with the inverse problem method, Int J Oral Sci, 2, 190, 10.4248/IJOS10075 · DOI
  23. Ilie, 2012, Mathematical modelling of tooth demineralisation and pH profiles in dental plaque, J Theor Biol, 309, 159, 10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.05.024 · DOI
  24. Head, 2017, In silico modelling to differentiate the contribution of sugar frequency versus total amount in driving biofilm dysbiosis in dental caries, Sci Rep, 7, 17413, 10.1038/s41598-017-17660-z · DOI
  25. Head, 2021, In silico modeling of hyposalivation and biofilm dysbiosis in root caries, J Dent Res, 100, 977, 10.1177/00220345211000655 · DOI
  26. Sangha, 2025, Advancing dental biofilm models: the integral role of pH in predicting Streptococcus mutans colonization, mSphere, 10, 10.1128/msphere.00743-24 · DOI
  27. Picioreanu, 2004, Particle-based multidimensional multispecies biofilm model, Appl Environ Microbiol, 70, 3024, 10.1128/AEM.70.5.3024-3040.2004 · DOI · Paper page
  28. Martin, 2017, A new mathematical model of bacterial interactions in two-species oral biofilms, PLoS One, 12, 10.1371/journal.pone.0173153 · DOI
  29. Rakoczy, 2026, Mathematical modeling of local drug delivery in the oral cavity: from release kinetics to mini-PBPK and local PK/PD with applications to periodontal therapies, Pharmaceutics, 18, 101, 10.3390/pharmaceutics18010101 · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics18010101
  30. Yan, 2026, The changes of microbiome attached on clear aligners after drinking Coca-Cola, Pol J Microbiol, 75, 109, 10.33073/pjm-2026-009 · DOI
  31. Zhu, 2013, A computational fluid dynamic analysis of peri-bracket salivary flow influencing the microbial and periodontal parameters, PLoS One, 8
  32. Stoodley, 1998, Influence of hydrodynamics and nutrients on biofilm structure, J Appl Microbiol, 85, 19S, 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1998.tb05279.x · DOI · Paper page
  33. Nairn, 2024, Effects of fluid shear stress on oral biofilm formation and composition and the transcriptional response of Streptococcus gordonii, Mol Oral Microbiol, 39, 477, 10.1111/omi.12481 · DOI
  34. Hotic, 2024, Critical hydrodynamic force levels for efficient removal of oral biofilms in simulated interdental spaces, Clin Oral Investig, 28, 346, 10.1007/s00784-024-05739-7 · DOI
  35. Park, 2023, Comparison of translucency, thickness, and gap width of thermoformed and 3D-printed clear aligners using micro-CT and spectrophotometer, Sci Rep, 13, 10921, 10.1038/s41598-023-36851-5 · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-36851-5
  36. Lombardo, 2020, MicroCT X-ray comparison of aligner gap and thickness of six brands of aligners: an in-vitro study, Prog Orthod, 21, 12, 10.1186/s40510-020-00312-w · doi:10.1186/s40510-020-00312-w
  37. Sever, 2025, Evaluation of compatibility of different attachment types used in orthodontic clear aligners with electron microscopy, Dent J (Basel), 13, 379, 10.3390/dj13080379 · DOI
  38. Dawes, 1989, Estimation of the velocity of the salivary film at some different locations in the mouth, J Dent Res, 68, 1479, 10.1177/00220345890680110201 · DOI
  39. Macpherson, 1991, Effects of salivary film velocity on pH changes in an artificial plaque containing Streptococcus oralis, after exposure to sucrose, J Dent Res, 70, 1230, 10.1177/00220345910700090101 · doi:10.1177/00220345910700090101
  40. Chinnaraj, 2021, Modelling the combined effect of surface roughness and topography on bacterial attachment, J Mater Sci Technol, 81, 151, 10.1016/j.jmst.2021.01.011 · DOI
  41. Martínez Gil-Ortega, 2025, Effect of surface wettability and energy on bacterial adhesion to dental aligners: a comparative in vitro study, Bioengineering (Basel), 12, 898, 10.3390/bioengineering12090898 · DOI
  42. Tektas, 2020, Initial bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on aligner materials, Antibiotics (Basel), 9, 908, 10.3390/antibiotics9120908 · DOI
  43. Koletsi, 2023, In vivo aging-induced surface roughness alterations of Invisalign and 3D-printed aligners, J Orthod, 50, 352, 10.1177/14653125221145948 · doi:10.1177/14653125221145948
  44. Buschang, 2019, Incidence of white spot lesions among patients treated with clear aligners and traditional braces, Angle Orthod, 89, 359, 10.2319/073118-553.1 · DOI
  45. Albhaisi, 2020, Enamel demineralization during clear aligner orthodontic treatment compared with fixed appliance therapy, evaluated with quantitative light-induced fluorescence: a randomized clinical trial, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 157, 594, 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.01.004 · DOI
  46. Song, 2023, Microbiome and metabolome associated with white spot lesions in patients treated with clear aligners, Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 13, 1119616, 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1119616 · DOI

Metadata

Authors
Machoy-Rakoczy, M., Gutowska, I., & Rakoczy, R.
Venue
Medical Hypotheses
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2026-12
Volume
217
Pages
112203
ISSN
0306-9877
Cited by
0
Language
en
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Geometry-dependent mass transfer at the clear aligner-tooth interface: a state-switched reaction-transport hypothesis for localised cariogenic selection. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.mehy.2026.112203
The paper
Machoy-Rakoczy, M., Gutowska, I., & Rakoczy, R. (2026). Geometry-dependent mass transfer at the clear aligner-tooth interface: a state-switched reaction-transport hypothesis for localised cariogenic selection. Medical Hypotheses. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2026.112203

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.