Ectopic expression and knockdown of a zebrafish sox21 reveal its role as a transcriptional repressor in early development
Open accessAbstract
Sox proteins are DNA-binding proteins belonging to the HMG box superfamily and they play key roles in animal embryonic development. Zebrafish Sox21a is part of group B Sox proteins and its chicken and mouse orthologs have been described as transcriptional repressor and activator, respectively, in two different target gene contexts. Zebrafish sox21a is present as a maternal transcript in the oocyte and is mainly expressed at the developing midbrain-hindbrain boundary from the onset of neurulation. In order to understand its role in vivo, we ectopically expressed sox21a by microinjection. Ectopic expression of full length sox21a leads to dorsalization of the embryos. A subset of the dorsalized embryos shows a partial axis splitting, and hence an ectopic neural tube, as an additional phenotype. At gastrulation, injected embryos show expansion of the expression domains of organizer-specific genes, such as chordin and goosecoid. Molecular markers used in somitogenesis highlight that sox21a-injected embryos have shortened AP axis, undulating axial structures, enlarged or even radialized paraxial territory. The developmental abnormalities caused by ectopic expression of sox21a are suggestive of defects in convergence-extension morphogenetic movements. Antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, designed to functionally knockdown sox21a, cause ventralization of the embryos. Moreover, gain-of-function experiments with chimeric constructs, where Sox21a DNA-binding domain is fused to a transcriptional activator (VP16) or repressor (EnR) domain, suggests that zebrafish Sox21a acts as a repressor in dorso-ventral patterning.
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Sox21 is known to act in a repressive manner.
“This explanation is unlikely, however, because Sox21 is known to act in a repressive manner (29, 30).”
From Transphyletic conservation of developmental regulatory state in animal evolution (2011) · cites this paper as [29]
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- Authors
- Argenton, F., Giudici, S., Deflorian, G., Cimbro, S., Cotelli, F., & Beltrame, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Padua (IT)
- University of Milan (IT)
- Venue
- Mechanisms of Development
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 131-142
- ISSN
- 0925-4773 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2084048270
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Mechanisms of Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development and cancer
- Keywords
- zebrafish, transcriptional repressor, HMG box proteins, dorsoventral patterning, dorsalization, ventralization, midbrain-hindbrain boundary, neural tube, chordin, goosecoid, somitogenesis, morphogenetic movements, ectopic expression, morpholino knockdown
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Base Sequence, DNA-Binding Proteins, Female, Gastrula, High Mobility Group Proteins, Repressor Proteins, Zebrafish, Gene Expression, Gene Targeting, Body Patterning, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense, Zebrafish Proteins, Animals, Genetically Modified, SOXB2 Transcription Factors
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