The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Interleukin-1β Induces mtDNA Release to Activate Innate Immune Signaling via cGAS-STING
Open accessAbstract
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a pleiotropic mediator of inflammation and is produced in response to a wide range of stimuli. During infection, IL-1β production occurs in parallel with the onset of innate antimicrobial defenses, but the contribution of IL-1β signaling to cell-intrinsic immunity is not defined. Here, we report that exogenous IL-1β induces interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) activation in human myeloid, fibroblast, and epithelial cells. IRF3 activation by IL-1β is dependent upon the DNA-sensing pathway adaptor, stimulator of interferon genes (STING), through the recognition of cytosolic mtDNA by cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-AMP synthase (cGAS). IL-1β treatment results in interferon (IFN) production and activation of IFN signaling to direct a potent innate immune response that restricts dengue virus infection. This study identifies a new function for IL-1β in the onset or enhancement of cell-intrinsic immunity, with important implications for cGAS-STING in integrating inflammatory and microbial cues for host defense.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“mtDNA or mtRNA released into the cytosol via BAX–BAK macropores can activate nucleic acid sensors in the cytosol145 independently of cell death130,146,147, ultimately leading to the production of type I interferon”
From The role of mitochondria in rheumatic diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [146]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“IL-1β, a major SASP factor, can induce mtDNA release with subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory pathways (Aarreberg et al., 2019).”
From Cytoplasmic DNA: sources, sensing, and role in aging and disease (2021) · cites this paper as Aarreberg et al., 2019
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Integrating single-cell transcriptomic data across different conditions, technologies, and species
Butler, A., Hoffman, P., Smibert, P., Papalexi, E., & Satija, R. (2018) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.4096 · Cited by 13,174
Pattern Recognition Receptors and Inflammation
Takeuchi, O., & Akira, S. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.022 · Cited by 8,895
Causal analysis approaches in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis
Krämer, A., Green, J., Pollard, J., & Tugendreich, S. (2014) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btt703 · Cited by 5,724
Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is a Cytosolic DNA Sensor That Activates the Type I Interferon Pathway
Sun, L., Wu, J., Du, F., Chen, X., & Chen, Z. J. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1232458 · Cited by 4,996
Dissecting the multicellular ecosystem of metastatic melanoma by single-cell RNA-seq
Tirosh, I., Izar, B., Prakadan, S. M., Wadsworth, M. H., Treacy, D., Trombetta, J. J., Rotem, A., Rodman, C., Lian, C., Murphy, G., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad0501 · Cited by 4,944
Immunological and inflammatory functions of the interleukin-1 family
Dinarello, C. A. (2009) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132612 · Cited by 3,466
Wang, C.-Y., Mayo, M., Korneluk, R., Goeddel, D., & Baldwin, A. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5383.1680 · Cited by 2,950
STING regulates intracellular DNA-mediated, type I interferon-dependent innate immunity
Ishikawa, H., Ma, Z., & Barber, G. N. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08476 · Cited by 2,759
IKKε and TBK1 are essential components of the IRF3 signaling pathway
Fitzgerald, K. A., McWhirter, S. M., Faia, K. L., Rowe, D. C., Latz, E., Golenbock, D. T., Coyle, A. J., Liao, S.-M., & Maniatis, T. (2003) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni921 · Cited by 2,680
Mitochondrial DNA stress primes the antiviral innate immune response
West, A. P., Khoury-Hanold, W., Staron, M., Tal, M. C., Pineda, C. M., Lang, S. M., Bestwick, M., Duguay, B. A., Raimundo, N., MacDuff, D. A., et al. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14156 · Cited by 1,975
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mitochondria as multifaceted regulators of cell death
Bock, F. J., & Tait, S. W. G. (2019) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-019-0173-8 · Cited by 2,531
The cGAS–STING pathway as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases
Decout, A., Katz, J. D., Venkatraman, S., & Ablasser, A. (2021) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00524-z · Cited by 2,309
Molecular mechanisms and cellular functions of cGAS–STING signalling
Hopfner, K.-P., & Hornung, V. (2020) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-020-0244-x · Cited by 2,052
Mitochondrial dysfunction: mechanisms and advances in therapy
Yao, Z., Li, H., Liao, P., Chen, L., Pan, Y., Zheng, Y., Zhang, C., Liu, D., Zheng, M., & Gao, J. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01839-8 · Cited by 1,382
Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and Pathogenesis
Harrison, A. G., Lin, T., & Wang, P. (2020) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2020.10.004 · Cited by 1,261
Metadata
- Authors
- Aarreberg, L. D., Esser-Nobis, K., Driscoll, C., Shuvarikov, A., Roby, J. A., & Gale, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gale, Michael
- Venue
- Molecular Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-05
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 801-815.e6
- ISSN
- 1097-2765 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6596306
- OpenAlex
- W2934093192
- Cited by
- 328
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 8
- FWCI
- 12.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Charles Sturt University Research Output (CRO) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- NIH (AI27463, AI118916, AI100625, AI104002, AI083019, T32AI106677-03)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Keywords
- IL-1β, mitochondrial DNA release, cGAS-STING pathway, IRF3 activation, interferon signaling, innate immunity, dengue virus, cell-intrinsic immunity, DNA sensing, infection and inflammation
- MeSH terms
- STING Protein, Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate-Adenosine Monophosphate Synthase, Dengue, Dengue Virus, DNA, Mitochondrial, Cyclic GMP, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, Interferons, Membrane Proteins, Nucleotidyltransferases, Signal Transduction, Myeloid Cells, Interferon Regulatory Factor-3, Interleukin-1beta, Host-Pathogen Interactions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review