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Cited by 522

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 157 of the 157 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Sex differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism

Open access
Palmisano, Brian T., Zhu, Lin, Eckel, Robert H., Stafford, John M.·2018·Molecular Metabolism

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Endogenous sex hormones are important for metabolic health in men and women. Before menopause, women are protected from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) relative to men. Women have fewer cardiovascular complications of obesity compared to men with obesity. Endogenous estrogens have been proposed as a mechanism that lessens ASCVD risk, as risk of glucose and lipid abnormalities increases when endogenous estrogens decline with menopause. While baseline risk is higher in males than females, endogenously produced androgens are also protective against fatty liver, diabetes and ASCVD, as risk goes up with androgen deprivation and with the decline in androgens with age. SCOPE OF REVIEW: In this review, we discuss evidence of how endogenous sex hormones and hormone treatment approaches impact fatty acid, triglyceride, and cholesterol metabolism to influence metabolic and cardiovascular risk. We also discuss potential reasons for why treatment strategies with estrogens and androgens in older individuals fail to fully recapitulate the effects of endogenous sex hormones. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: The pathways that confer ASCVD protection for women are of potential therapeutic relevance. Despite protection relative to men, ASCVD is still the major cause of mortality in women. Additionally, diabetic women have similar ASCVD risk as diabetic men, suggesting that the presence of diabetes may offset the protective cardiovascular effects of being female through unknown mechanisms.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.008

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Metadata

Authors
Palmisano, B. T., Zhu, L., Eckel, R. H., & Stafford, J. M.
Venue
Molecular Metabolism
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-09
Volume
15
Pages
45-55
ISSN
2212-8778 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2803173125
Cited by
522
References
157
FWCI
28.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Sex differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.008
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Palmisano, B. T., Zhu, L., Eckel, R. H., & Stafford, J. M. (2018). Sex differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Molecular Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2018.05.008

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

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