The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Upconversion nanoparticles: synthesis, surface modification and biological applications
Open accessAbstract
New generation fluorophores, also termed upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), have the ability to convert near infrared radiations with lower energy into visible radiations with higher energy via a non-linear optical process. Recently, these UCNPs have evolved as alternative fluorescent labels to traditional fluorophores, showing great potential for imaging and biodetection assays in both in vitro and in vivo applications. UCNPs exhibit unique luminescent properties, including high penetration depth into tissues, low background signals, large Stokes shifts, sharp emission bands, and high resistance to photo-bleaching, making UCNPs an attractive alternative source for overcoming current limitations in traditional fluorescent probes. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in the synthesis and surface modification of rare earth doped UCNPs with a specific focus on their biological applications.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Upconversion Nanoparticles: Design, Nanochemistry, and Applications in Theranostics
Chen, G., Qiu, H., Prasad, P. N., & Chen, X. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr400425h · Cited by 2,699
Sun, L.-D., Wang, Y.-F., & Yan, C.-H. (2014) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar400218t · Cited by 363
Upconversion-based photodynamic cancer therapy
Liu, Y., Meng, X., & Bu, W. (2019) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.006 · Cited by 319
Xu, H., Cheng, L., Wang, C., Ma, X., Li, Y., & Liu, Z. (2011) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.053 · Cited by 301
Photodynamic therapy: A hot topic in dermato-oncology (Review)
Tampa, M., Sarbu, M.-I., Matei, C., Mitran, C.-I., Mitran, M.-I., Caruntu, C., Constantin, C., Neagu, M., & Georgescu, S.-R. (2019) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2019.9939 · Cited by 72
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, M., Abbineni, G., Clevenger, A., Mao, C., & Xu, S.
- Venue
- Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 710-729
- ISSN
- 1549-9634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2121826767
- Cited by
- 528
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 14.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Upconversion nanoparticles: synthesis, surface modification and biological applications. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.nano.2011.02.013
- The paper
- Wang, M., Abbineni, G., Clevenger, A., Mao, C., & Xu, S. (2011). Upconversion nanoparticles: synthesis, surface modification and biological applications. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2011.02.013
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
