The DOI matches its Crossref record; 204 of the 204 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Exposure therapy in eating disorders revisited
Abstract
Exposure therapy is a widely used and effective form of treatment in anxiety disorders and addictions but evidence for its usefulness in eating disorders (ED) is inconsistent. This paper systematically reviews the literature on the use of exposure therapy in ED, the theory underpinning its use, and the deficits in current knowledge. Databases were searched to 2012. In addition, potential improvements in the use of exposure techniques in ED are considered by drawing upon theory and research involving neuropharmacology, basic and clinical neuroscience, contemporary behavioural and neurobiological research, and technologies such as virtual reality (VR).
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Its effectiveness is primarily known from the treatment of anxiety disorders, but an emerging line of research shows that it can also be relevant in the treatment of fears seen in anorexia nervosa (e.g. [16, 25, 35–43].”
From Anxiety matters: a pilot lab study into food, weight, and virtual body exposure in anorexia nervosa (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Based on advances in research revealing the diversity of fears that play a role in eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, it has been suggested that exposure treatments should target a broad set of fears and also other emotions, like disgust [36, 53].”
From Anxiety matters: a pilot lab study into food, weight, and virtual body exposure in anorexia nervosa (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ‐ IV ‐ TR )
Segal, D. L. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0271 · Cited by 4,687
Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: A meta-analytic review.
Stice, E. M. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.5.825 · Cited by 2,710
Serotonin transporter genetic variation and the response of the human amygdala.
Hariri, A. R., Mattay, V. S., Tessitore, A., Kolachana, B., Fera, F., Goldman, D., Egan, M. F., & Weinberger, D. R. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1071829 · Cited by 2,340
Habituation: a dual-process theory.
Groves, P. M., & Thompson, R. F. (1970) · Psychology Review · doi:10.1037/h0029810 · Cited by 2,110
The Neurocircuitry of Fear, Stress, and Anxiety Disorders
Shin, L. M., & Liberzon, I. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.83 · Cited by 2,083
Context and Behavioral Processes in Extinction: Table 1.
Bouton, M. E. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.78804 · Cited by 1,808
Phelps, E. A., Delgado, M. R., Nearing, K. I., & LeDoux, J. E. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.08.042 · Cited by 1,753
Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy
Craske, M. G., Kircanski, K., Zelikowsky, M., Mystkowski, J., Chowdhury, N., & Baker, A. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.10.003 · Cited by 1,607
Jacobi, C., Hayward, C., de Zwaan, M., KRAEMER, H. C., & Agras, W. S. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.1.19 · Cited by 1,514
Fear Extinction as a Model for Translational Neuroscience: Ten Years of Progress
Milad, M. R., & Quirk, G. J. (2012) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.121208.131631 · Cited by 1,466
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–127 of 127
Technological Interventions for Eating and Weight Disorders
Gutiérrez‐Maldonado, J., & Riva, G. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00057-1 · Cited by 3
Treasure, J. L., Cardi, V., & Schmidt, U. H. (2013) · Advances in Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/21662630.2013.840085 · Cited by 3
Self-citationThe Development of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) for Young Adults in Russia and Indonesia
Hidayat, B., Leybina, A. V., Raudah, S. F., Iskandar, W., Malik, A., Shanty, I. L., & Suhada, D. (2025) · The Open Psychology Journal · doi:10.2174/0118743501387878250616095512 · Cited by 2
Mukhacheva Anna, V., Kadyrov Farit, N., & Subkhangulova Kseniya, A. (2026) · ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT · doi:10.35627/2219-5238/2026-34-1-7-18 · Cited by 1
Martín-Garcés, A., & Castellano‐Tejedor, C. (2020) · Quaderns de Psicologia · doi:10.5565/rev/qpsicologia.1630 · Cited by 2
Essayli, J. H., Webster, A. E., Quaill, M. A., Zickgraf, H. F., & Lane‐Loney, S. E. (2021) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23468 · Cited by 3
No effect of very brief exposure to masked food pictures on fear of food in anorexia nervosa
Palmer, S., Gronemann, J., Mattler, U., Febry, H., Wünsch‐Leiteritz, W., Leiteritz, A., & Brockmeyer, T. (2021) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2835 · Cited by 2
A qualitative analysis of parental experiences in family-based treatment for anorexia nervosa
Wiese, J. (2014) · doi:10.17077/etd.ugpfy5oa · Cited by 2
Melles, H., Spix, M., Duijvis, S., & Jansen, A. T. M. (2026) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.70078 · Cited by 1
Ramousse, F., Lavoué, G., Beart, P., Bhoowabul, V., Fleury, S., Ravey, B., Gay, A., Massoubre, C., & Helfenstein-Didier, C. (2023) · ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences · doi:10.1145/3604321.3604369 · Cited by 1
Advances in the Prevention and Management of Obesity and Eating Disorders
Sainsbury, A., & da Luz, F. Q. (2018) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03842-854-1 · Cited by 1
Williams‐Kerver, G. A., & Müller, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-46096-8_79 · Cited by 1
Masciulli, E. (2018) · ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania)
The Use of 3D Bodies in a Computerised and Immersive Virtual Reality Body Image Intervention
Maalin, N., Irvine, K., Irvine, A. R., Cornelissen, P. L., Ritchie, K. L., & Tovée, M. J. (2019) · International Conference on 3D Body Scanning Technologies (3DBST) · doi:10.15221/19.142
Commentary on Buckfield et al. : The alcohol or drug cue exposure treatment paradox?
Mellentin, A. I. (2020) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15285
Xie, Q., Yi, P., Hu, X., Lei, J., Kong, J., Zhang, Y., Liang, M., Luo, J., & Li, X. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-867140/v1
Meanings of Quality: Semantic-Information Distance and Total Quality Management
Steier, F., Zhao, B., Woodhams, W., & Gallup, S. P. (1993)
Essstörungen – State of the Art und neuere Entwicklungen
Bauman, T., & Voderholzer, U. (2022) · PiD - Psychotherapie im Dialog · doi:10.1055/a-1477-1044
Buckfield, C., Sinclair, J., & Glautier, S. (2020) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/nxe9a
Peng, S., Guo, T., & Wang, T. (2023) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Virtual Reality and Visualization (AIVRV) · doi:10.1117/12.2667221
Trait Anxiety and Eating Disorder Symptoms: Psychological Inflexibility as Mediator
Aleeza, A., & Bintari, D. R. (2023) · INSAN Jurnal Psikologi dan Kesehatan Mental · doi:10.20473/jpkm.v8i22023.117-147
Melles, H. (2024) · doi:10.26481/dis.20240704hm
Additional file 2 of Blind versus open weighing from an eating disorder patient perspective
Froreich, F. V., Ratcliffe, S. E., & Vartanian, L. R. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12814462
Additional file 1 of Blind versus open weighing from an eating disorder patient perspective
Froreich, F. V., Ratcliffe, S. E., & Vartanian, L. R. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12814459
Walker, D. C., Chen, M., Reilly, E. E., Morison, J. N., & Anderson, L. M. (2026) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.70096
Shared regulatory systems in memory suppression and fear extinction: An ALE and MACM meta-analysis
Zhao, Y., Zhang, T., Xiong, R., cui, X., Hulbert, J. C., 刘培朵, & Yang, W. (2026) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2026.116483
Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y la imagen corporal: un estudio de series de caso
Castillo, P. L. (2013) · Universitat Jaume I eBooks · doi:10.6035/tfm.10234.73186
Metadata
- Authors
- Koskina, A., Campbell, I. C., & Schmidt, U.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Koskina, Antonia
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-02
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 193-208
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2057992219
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 204
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10
- FWCI
- 1.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (RP-PG-0606-1043)
- National Institutes of Health
- Programme Grants for Applied Research
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Keywords
- exposure therapy, eating disorders, anxiety disorders, treatment efficacy, neuropharmacology, neurobiology of eating disorders, virtual reality, behavior therapy
- MeSH terms
- Feeding and Eating Disorders, Body Image, Humans, Implosive Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review