The DOI matches its Crossref record; 225 of the 225 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: A unified framework
Open accessAbstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a range of motor symptoms. Besides the cardinal symptoms (akinesia and bradykinesia, tremor and rigidity), PD patients show additional motor deficits, including: gait disturbance, impaired handwriting, grip force and speech deficits, among others. Some of these motor symptoms (e.g., deficits of gait, speech, and handwriting) have similar clinical profiles, neural substrates, and respond similarly to dopaminergic medication and deep brain stimulation (DBS). Here, we provide an extensive review of the clinical characteristics and neural substrates of each of these motor symptoms, to highlight precisely how PD and its medical and surgical treatments impact motor symptoms. In conclusion, we offer a unified framework for understanding the range of motor symptoms in PD. We argue that various motor symptoms in PD reflect dysfunction of neural structures responsible for action selection, motor sequencing, and coordination and execution of movement.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Moustafa, A. A., Chakravarthy, S., Phillips, J. R., Gupta, A., Keri, S., Polner, B., Frank, M. J., & Jahanshahi, M.
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-09
- Volume
- 68
- Pages
- 727-740
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2470003547
- Cited by
- 481
- References
- 225
- FWCI
- 12.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Moustafa, A. A., Chakravarthy, S., Phillips, J. R., Gupta, A., Keri, S., Polner, B., Frank, M. J., & Jahanshahi, M. (2016). Motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: A unified framework. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.010
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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