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Therapeutic use of serotoninergic hallucinogens: A review of the evidence and of the biological and psychological mechanisms
Abstract
Serotoninergic hallucinogens include drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and psilocybin. Recent trials with single/few doses of these compounds show that they induce rapid and sustained antidepressive, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive effects. These effects are also observed in religious groups using the DMT-containing brew ayahuasca. The agonist action of these substances on 5-HT 2A receptors expressed in frontal and limbic areas increase glutamatergic transmission and neuroplasticity. These neurochemical effects are associated with acute alterations on self-perception and increases in introspection and positive mood, and with subacute and long-term decreases in psychiatric symptoms, increases in some personality traits such as openness, improvements in emotional processing, and increases in empathy. These are preliminary but promising results that should be further explored in controlled trials with larger sample sizes, especially considering that these compounds could be beneficial in the treatment of treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders.
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“To date, reviews have focused on establishing treatment efficacy [30], understanding the neurological mechanisms of change [71], or have been broad in their aims (e.g. including a variety of drug classes or disorders [72, 73];).”
From The psychological processes of classic psychedelics in the treatment of depression: a systematic review protocol (2022) · cites this paper as [72]
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Metadata
- Authors
- dos Santos, R. G., & Hallak, J. E. C.
- Affiliations
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (BR)
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-01
- Volume
- 108
- Pages
- 423-434
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2992322507
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17
- FWCI
- 2.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- LSD, DMT, psilocybin, ayahuasca, 5-HT2A receptor agonism, antidepressant effects, anxiolytic effects, neuroplasticity, glutamatergic neurotransmission, self-perception, self-reflection, positive mood, personality traits, empathy, emotional processing, treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders, psychedelic therapy
- MeSH terms
- Social Cognition, Exploratory Behavior, Hallucinogens, Humans, Limbic System, Neuronal Plasticity, Prefrontal Cortex, Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists
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