Extrapyramidal symptoms in frontotemporal dementia: prevalence and clinical correlations
Abstract
In the present study we aimed at evaluating the prevalence and the associated clinical, neuropsychological and behavioral features of extrapyramidal symptoms in Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) patients. Seventy-five patients fulfilling clinical criteria of FTD were consecutively enrolled. Each patient underwent clinical and extrapyramidal sign examination, and neuropsychological and behavioral disturbance evaluation. Each patient was submitted to both brain MRI and SPECT, documenting frontotemporal atrophy/hypoperfusion pattern. Parkinsonian symptoms in FTD were associated with a specific endophenotype characterized by higher incidence of psychotic symptoms, memory deficits and psychomotor speed ability abnormalities. Careful description of the spectrum of presentation of FTD may be of help for further understanding the underpinnings of the disease.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The frequency of parkinsonism varies between 25% and 80% in structured clinical studies of FTD.
“The frequency of parkinsonism varies between 25% and 80% in structured clinical studies of FTD (Diehl-Schmid et al. , 2007 b ; Padovani et al. , 2007; Park et al. , 2017).”
From Recommendations to distinguish behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia from psychiatric disorders (2020) · cites this paper as Padovani et al., 2007
Cites
Assessment of Older People: Self-Maintaining and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
Lawton, M. P., & Brody, E. M. (1969) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/9.3_part_1.179 · Cited by 18,540 · see citing works
The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia
Cummings, J. L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg-Thompson, S., Carusi, D. A., & Gornbein, J. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.12.2308 · Cited by 7,568 · see citing works
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: A consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria
Neary, D., Snowden, J. S., Gustafson, L., Passant, U., Stuss, D., Black, S., Freedman, M., Kertesz, A., Robert, P. H., Albert, M., et al. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.51.6.1546 · Cited by 5,047 · see citing works
The Neuropsychological Assessment
Ogden, J. A. (2005) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195171358.003.0002 · Cited by 4,382 · see citing works
Recent developments in Parkinson's disease
Fahn, S., Elton, R., MARSDEN, C. D., Calne, D. B., & Goldstein, M. (1986) · Raven Press eBooks · Cited by 2,306 · see citing works
Clinical and Pathological Diagnosis of Frontotemporal Dementia
McKhann, G. M. (2001) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.58.11.1803 · Cited by 1,475 · see citing works
Clinicopathological correlates in frontotemporal dementia
Hodges, J. R., Davies, R. R., Xuereb, J. H., Casey, B., Broe, M., Bak, T. H., Kril, J. J., & Halliday, G. M. (2004) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20203 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
The frontal behavioral inventory in the differential diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia
KERTESZ, A., NADKARNI, N., DAVIDSON, W., & THOMAS, A. W. (2000) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617700644041 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Sheikh, K., Smith, D. S., Meade, T. W., GOLDENBERG, E., Brennan, P. J., & Kinsella, G. (1979) · International Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.3109/03790797909164024 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Association between mild parkinsonian signs and mild cognitive impairment in a community
Louis, E. D., Schupf, N., Manly, J. J., Marder, K. S., Tang, M. X., & Mayeux, R. P. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000156157.97411.5e · Cited by 116 · see citing works
A novel mutation (K317M) in the MAPT gene causes FTDP and motor neuron disease
Zarranz, J. J., Ferrer, I., Lezcano, E., Forcadas, M., Eizaguirre, B., Atarés, B., Puig, B., Gómez‐Esteban, J. C., Maiztegi, C. F., Rouco, I., et al. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000160116.65034.12 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
KERTESZ, A. E. (2003) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.10564 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Phenotypic heterogeneity within a new family with the MAPT p301s mutation
Yasuda, M., Nakamura, Y., Kawamata, T., Kaneyuki, H., Maeda, K., & Komure, O. (2005) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20668 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Distinguishing Alzheimer’s disease from other major forms of dementia
Karantzoulis, S., & Galvin, J. E. (2011) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.11.155 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Mackenzie, I. R., & Neumann, M. (2016) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13588 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Ducharme, S., Dols, A., Laforce, R., Devenney, E., Kumfor, F., van den Stock, J., Dallaire-Théroux, C., Seelaar, H., Gossink, F., Vijverberg, E., et al. (2020) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awaa018 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
FUS pathology in basophilic inclusion body disease
Muñoz, D. G., Neumann, M., Kusaka, H., Yokota, O., Ishihara, K., Terada, S., Kuroda, S., & Mackenzie, I. R. (2009) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0598-9 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Livingston, G., Kelly, L., Lewis-Holmes, E., Baio, G., Stephen Morris, A., Patel, N. V., Omar, R., Katona, C., & Cooper, C. (2014) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta18390 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Neurotransmitter deficits from frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Murley, A. G., & Rowe, J. B. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awx327 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults
Palmer, N. P., Ortega, B. T., & Joshi, P. (2022) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2022.07.010 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Parkinsonism, movement disorders and genetics in frontotemporal dementia
Baizabal-Carvallo, J. F., & Jankovic, J. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.14 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Differentiation of frontotemporal dementia from dementia with Lewy bodies using FP-CIT SPECT
Morgan, S., Kemp, P. M., Booij, J., Costa, D. C., Padayachee, S., Lee, L., Barber, C., Carter, J., & Walker, Z. (2012) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2012-302577 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
An algorithm for genetic testing of frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Goldman, J. S., Rademakers, R., Huey, E. D., Boxer, A. L., Mayeux, R. P., Miller, B. L., & Boeve, B. F. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31820a0d13 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The molecular basis of frontotemporal dementia
Neumann, M., Tolnay, M., & Mackenzie, I. R. (2009) · Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1017/s1462399409001136 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Neuromodulation of Glial Function During Neurodegeneration
Stevenson, R., Samokhina, E., Rossetti, I., Morley, J. W., & Buskila, Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.00278 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Frontotemporal Dementia Mimicking Dementia With Lewy Bodies
Claassen, D. O., Parisi, J. E., Giannini, C., Boeve, B. F., Dickson, D. W., & Josephs, K. A. (2008) · Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology · doi:10.1097/wnn.0b013e3181864a09 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Advances in treatment of frontotemporal dementia
Magrath Guimet, N., Zapata-Restrepo, L. M., & Miller, B. L. (2022) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21060166 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
New Perspective on Parkinsonism in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Park, H. K., & Chung, S. J. (2013) · Journal of Movement Disorders · doi:10.14802/jmd.13001 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Girard, C., & Simard, M. (2008) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e31816c7b3c · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Epidemiology and genetics of frontotemporal dementia: a door-to-door survey in Southern Italy
Bernardi, L., Frangipane, F., Smirne, N., Colao, R., Puccio, G., Curcio, S. A. M., Mirabelli, M., Maletta, R., Anfossi, M., Gallo, M., et al. (2012) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.06.017 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Genetic Causes of Frontotemporal Degeneration
See, T. M., LaMarre, A. K., Lee, S. E., & Miller, B. L. (2010) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988710383574 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Yoo, H. S., Chung, S. J., Kim, S.-J., Oh, J. S., Kim, J. S., Ye, B. S., Sohn, Y. H., & Lee, P. H. (2018) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-018-4019-y · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Gasca‐Salas, C., Masellis, M., Khoo, E., Shah, B., Fisman, D. N., Lang, A. E., & Kleiner‐Fisman, G. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153852 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Jicha, G. A., & Nelson, P. T. (2011) · Neurodegenerative Disease Management · doi:10.2217/nmt.11.9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Clinical characteristics of parkinsonism in frontotemporal dementia according to subtypes
Park, H. K., Park, K. H., Yoon, B., Lee, J.-H., Choi, S. H., Joung, J. H., Yoon, S. J., Kim, B. C., Kim, S. H., Kim, E.-J., et al. (2017) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.11.033 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Recent Advances in Frontotemporal Dementia
Tartaglia, M. C., & Mackenzie, I. R. (2022) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/cjn.2022.69 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Isolated parkinsonism is an atypical presentation of GRN and C9orf72 gene mutations
Carneiro, F., Saracino, D., Huin, V., Clot, F., Delorme, C., Méneret, A., Thobois, S., Cormier‐Dequaire, F., Corvol, J., Lenglet, T., et al. (2020) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.09.019 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Jicha, G. A. (2011) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-011-9558-7 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Kragh, F. J., Bruun, M., Budtz–Jørgensen, E., Hjermind, L. E., Schubert, R., Reilmann, R., Nielsen, J. E., & Hasselbalch, S. G. (2018) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000492860 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Primary progressive aphasia and motor neuron disease: A review
Aiello, E. N., Feroldi, S., Luca, G. D., Guidotti, L., Arrigoni, E., Appollonio, I. M., Solca, F., Carelli, L., Poletti, B., Verde, F., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.1003792 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
From FUS to Fibs: What's New in Frontotemporal Dementia?
Burrell, J., & Hodges, J. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-091513 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Borrego‐Hernández, D., Vazquez-Costa, J. F., Domínguez-Rubio, R., Expósito-Blázquez, L., Aller, E., Padró‐Miquel, A., García‐Casanova, P. H., Colomina, M. J., Arriscado, C. M., Osta, R., et al. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12020356 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lee, J. S., Jung, N., Jang, Y. K., Kim, Y. J., Seo, S. W., Lee, J., Kim, Y. J., Lee, J., Kim, B. C., Park, K.-W., et al. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Neurology · doi:10.3988/jcn.2017.13.3.234 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Yener, G., Rosen, H. J., & Papatriantafyllou, J. D. (2010) · CONTINUUM Lifelong Learning in Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.con.0000368219.94458.6e · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Brainstem atrophy is linked to extrapyramidal symptoms in frontotemporal dementia
Heikkinen, S. V., Cajanus, A., Katisko, K., Hartikainen, P. H., Vanninen, R. L., Haapasalo, A., Krüger, J., Remes, A. M., & Solje, E. (2022) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-022-11095-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A Clinicopathologic Study of Movement Disorders in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration
Pablo‐Fernández, E. D., González‐Herrero, B., Santacruz, D. M. C., Rossor, M. N., Schott, J. M., Lashley, T., Holton, J. L., Fox, N. C., Révész, T., Warren, J. D., et al. (2020) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.28356 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Striatal dopaminergic patterns and clinical features in frontotemporal dementia
Urso, D., Anastasia, A., Gnoni, V., Giugno, A., Vilella, D., Vitulli, A., Zecca, C., Pineda‐Pardo, J. A., Foffani, G., Obeso, J. A., et al. (2025) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcaf284 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Overlap in the diagnostic criteria of frontotemporal dementia syndromes with parkinsonism
Heikkinen, S. V., Katisko, K., Haapasalo, A., Portaankorva, A. M., Hartikainen, P. H., & Solje, E. (2025) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877251316804 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Falls in frontotemporal dementia and related syndromes
Burrell, J. R., & Hodges, J. R. (2018) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63916-5.00012-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Chu, M., Wu, L., Liu, L., Nan, H., Jiang, D., Wang, Y., & Rosa‐Neto, P. (2022) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/1567205020666221226122557 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Koch, G., Assogna, M., Gadola, Y., Alberici, A., Lorenzo, F. D., Bonnı̀, S., Borghi, I., Irelli, E. C., Mencarelli, L., Maiella, M., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101409 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationAtypical Parkinsonian Disorders
Olfati, N., Akhoundi, F. H., & Litvan, I. (2025) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2024.12.006 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Chitosan-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering of Glial Cells
Hamdan, Y. A., Oudadesse, H., Laadraoui, J., Smimih, K., Kabdy, H., Elouali, S., Eladlani, N., & Rhazi, M. (2023) · Advances in bioinformatics and biomedical engineering book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-9675-6.ch021 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Nuclear Imaging in Frontotemporal Dementia
Reesink, F. E., Stormezand, G. N., Dierckx, R. A. J. O., & Deyn, P. P. D. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-54307-4_15 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Amran, A. Y., Bukhbinder, A. S., & Schulz, P. E. (2022) · doi:10.1093/med/9780197574317.003.0018 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nuclear Imaging in Frontotemporal Dementia
Reesink, F. E., Stormezand, G. N., Dierckx, R. A. J. O., & Deyn, P. P. D. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53168-3_15 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Movement Disorders in Frontotemporal Dementia
Devenney, E. M., & Hodges, J. R. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-6365-7_9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Inflammatory pathology in neurodegenerative dementias
Niedermayer, G. (2014)
Luukkainen, L., Huttula, S., Väyrynen, H., Helisalmi, S., Kytövuori, L., Haapasalo, A., Hiltunen, M., Remes, A. M., & Krüger, J. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200069
- Authors
- Padovani, A., Agosti, C., Premi, E., Bellelli, G., & Borroni, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Brescia (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Borroni, Barbara
- Venue
- Neuroscience Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-07
- Volume
- 422
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-42
- ISSN
- 0304-3940 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2028169288
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- frontotemporal dementia, extrapyramidal symptoms, parkinsonism, prevalence, clinical features, neuropsychological assessment, behavioral problems, psychotic symptoms, memory impairment, psychomotor speed, frontotemporal atrophy, hypoperfusion, endophenotypes
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Basal Ganglia Diseases, Cognition, Cysteine, Dementia, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Organotechnetium Compounds, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon, Radiopharmaceuticals
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review