MRI predictors of cognitive change in a diverse and carefully characterized elderly population
Open accessAbstract
Background Trajectories of cognitive decline among elderly individuals are heterogeneous, and markers that have high reliability for predicting cognitive trajectories across a broad spectrum of the elderly population have yet to be identified.Method This study examined the utility of a variety of MRI-based brain measures, obtained at baseline, as predictors of subsequent declines in domain-specific measures of cognitive function in a cohort of 307 community-dwelling elderly individuals with varying degrees of cognitive impairment who were diverse across several relevant demographic variables and were evaluated yearly. Psychometrically matched measures of cognition were used to assess episodic memory, semantic memory, and executive function. Relationships between baseline MRI measures, including the volumes of the brain, hippocampus, and white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and cognitive trajectories were assessed in mixed effects regression models that modeled MRI effects on cognitive performance at baseline and rate of change as well as interindividual variability in cognitive baseline and rate of change.Results Greater baseline brain volume predicted slower subsequent rate of decline in episodic memory and smaller WMH volume predicted slower subsequent rate of decline in executive function and semantic memory. Baseline hippocampal volume, while strongly related to baseline cognitive function, was not predictive of subsequent change in any of the cognitive domains.Conclusions Baseline measures of brain structure and tissue pathology predicted rate of cognitive decline in a diverse and carefully characterized cohort, suggesting that they may provide summary measures of pre-existing neuropathological damage or the capacity of the brain to compensate for the impact of subsequent neuropathology on cognition. Conventional MRI measures may have use for predicting cognitive outcomes in highly heterogeneous elderly populations.
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In demented participants, the association between WMH volumes and both EF and memory function was significant, but the relationship between memory and WMHs was not detected in cognitively normal participants.
“findings from another study have demonstrated that the association between WMH volumes and both EF and memory function were significant in demented participants, but that the relationship between memory and WMHs was not detected in CN participants, such as those included in the present study [43].”
From Amyloid-PET and White Matter Hyperintensities Have Independent Effects on Baseline Cognitive Function and Synergistic Effects on Longitudinal Executive Function (2023) · cites this paper as [43]
The Discussion reports an association of greater WMH volume with poorer episodic memory and executive function in the heterogeneous cohort. The Results also report models adjusted for clinical diagnosis, but do not establish that both associations were significant specifically in demented participants or that the WMH–memory association was absent in cognitively normal participants. The cited subgroup contrast is therefore unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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“Additionally, findings from another study have demonstrated that the association between WMH volumes and both EF and memory function were significant in demented participants, but that the relationship between memory and WMHs was not detected in CN participants, such as those included in the present study [43].”
- Authors
- Carmichael, O., Mungas, D., Beckett, L., Harvey, D., Tomaszewski Farias, S., Reed, B., Olichney, J., Miller, J., & DeCarli, C.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- VA Northern California Health Care System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carmichael, Owen
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Aging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-01
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 83-95.e2
- ISSN
- 0197-4580 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2909327
- OpenAlex
- W2032177582
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 5.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG10220, AG10129, AG 030,514, AG031252, AG021028)
- NIH (R01CA120523-01A1, 1R21CA116409-01A2, 1R01HL083276-01A2, 2R44DK077563-02)
- US Department of Defense (W81XWH-07-1-0650)
- American Cancer Society
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Keywords
- cognitive decline, MRI predictors, brain volume, hippocampal volume, white matter hyperintensities, episodic memory, semantic memory, executive function, cognitive trajectories, older adults, community-dwelling older adults, brain compensation, neuropathology
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Brain, Cognition, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Cohort Studies
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