The Pivotal Role of Semantic Memory in Remembering the Past and Imagining the Future
Open accessAbstract
Episodic memory refers to a complex and multifaceted process which enables the retrieval of richly detailed evocative memories from the past. In contrast, semantic memory is conceptualized as the retrieval of general conceptual knowledge divested of a specific spatiotemporal context. The neural substrates of the episodic and semantic memory systems have been dissociated in healthy individuals during functional imaging studies, and in clinical cohorts, leading to the prevailing view that episodic and semantic memory represent functionally distinct systems subtended by discrete neurobiological substrates. Importantly, however, converging evidence focusing on widespread neural networks now points to significant overlap between those regions essential for retrieval of autobiographical memories, episodic learning, and semantic processing. Here we review recent advances in episodic memory research focusing on neurodegenerative populations which has proved revelatory for our understanding of the complex interplay between episodic and semantic memory. Whereas episodic memory research has traditionally focused on retrieval of autobiographical events from the past, we also include evidence from the recent paradigm shift in which episodic memory is viewed as an adaptive and constructive process which facilitates the imagining of possible events in the future. We examine the available evidence which converges to highlight the pivotal role of semantic memory in providing schemas and meaning whether one is engaged in autobiographical retrieval for the past, or indeed, is endeavoring to construct a plausible scenario of an event in the future. It therefore seems plausible to contend that semantic processing may underlie most, if not all, forms of episodic memory, irrespective of temporal condition.
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Conceptual knowledge is unlikely to play a direct role in integrating details into an event simulation.
“While it has been suggested that conceptual knowledge may also play a direct role in integration (Irish & Piguet, 2013), it seems unlikely to be the case.”
From Mental Time Travel? A Neurocognitive Model of Event Simulation. (2020) · cites this paper as Irish & Piguet, 2013
Episodic components encoded in memories for certain events are scaffolded onto a semantic structure representing general information.
“the episodic components encoded in memories for certain events, say a trip to the shops, are scaffolded onto a semantic structure representing general information on how such events typically exist and transpire [43–45]”
From Is episodic-like memory <i>like</i> episodic memory? (2024) · cites this paper as [44]
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Lost for Words or Loss of Memories? Autobiographical Memory in Semantic Dementia
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- Authors
- Irish, M., & Piguet, O.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Irish, Muireann
- Venue
- Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 7
- Pages
- 27-27
- ISSN
- 1662-5153 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3615221
- OpenAlex
- W2010080881
- Cited by
- 345
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 11.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- UNSWorks (UNSW Sydney) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council (DE130100463, CE110001021)
- Medical Research Council
- Australian Research Council (DP1093279)
- National Health and Medical Research Council (1022684)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- semantic memory, episodic memory, autobiographical memory, future imaginings, memory construction, memory schemas, neurodegenerative diseases, episodic learning, memory retrieval
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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