The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Differences between chronological and brain age are related to education and self-reported physical activity
Open accessAbstract
This study investigated the relationship between education and physical activity and the difference between a physiological prediction of age and chronological age. Cortical and subcortical grey matter regional volumes were calculated from 331 healthy adults (range: 19-79 years). Multivariate analyses identified a covariance pattern of brain volumes best predicting chronological age (CA)(R2 = 47%). Individual expression of this brain pattern served as a physiologic measure of brain age (BA). The difference between CA and BA was predicted by education and self-report measures of physical activity. Education and the daily number of flights of stairs climbed were the only two significant predictors of decreased brain age. Effect sizes demonstrated that brain age decreased by 0.95 years for each year of education and by 0.58 years for one additional daily FOSC. Effects of education and FOSC on regional brain volume were largely driven by temporal and subcortical volumes. These results demonstrate that higher levels of education and daily FOSC are related to larger brain volume than predicted by chronological age which supports the utility of regional grey matter volume as a biomarker of healthy brain aging.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Fischl, B. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021 · Cited by 9,526
Fischl, B., Salat, D. H., Busa, E., Albert, M., Dieterich, M., Haselgrove, C., van der Kouwe, A., Killiany, R., Kennedy, D., Klaveness, S., et al. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00569-x · Cited by 8,610
Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer's pathological cascade
Jack, C. R., Knopman, D. S., Jagust, W. J., Shaw, L. M., Aisen, P. S., Weiner, M. W., Petersen, R. C., & Trojanowski, J. Q. (2010) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70299-6 · Cited by 4,806
Mapping Changes in the Human Cortex throughout the Span of Life
Sowell, E. R., Thompson, P. M., & Toga, A. W. (2004) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858404263960 · Cited by 572
Physical activity predicts gray matter volume in late adulthood: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Erickson, K. I., Raji, C. A., Lopez, O. L., Becker, J. T., Rosano, C., Newman, A. B., Gach, H. M., Thompson, P. M., Ho, A. J., & Kuller, L. H. (2010) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181f88359 · Cited by 508
Neurobiological markers of exercise-related brain plasticity in older adults
Voss, M. W., Erickson, K. I., Prakash, R. S., Chaddock, L., Kim, J. S., Alves, H., Szabo, A., Phillips, S. M., Wójcicki, T. R., Mailey, E. L., et al. (2013) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.10.021 · Cited by 418
Cited by
Cole, J. H., Poudel, R. P. K., Tsagkrasoulis, D., Caan, M. W. A., Steves, C., Spector, T. D., & Montana, G. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.059 · Cited by 872
“, 2016) and increased levels of education and physical exercise (Steffener et al., 2016).”
Cole, J. H., Ritchie, S. J., Bastin, M. E., Valdés Hernández, M. C., Muñoz Maniega, S., Royle, N., Corley, J., Pattie, A., Harris, S. E., Zhang, Q., et al. (2018) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2017.62 · Cited by 831
Prediction of brain age and cognitive age: quantifying brain and cognitive maintenance in aging
Anatürk, M., Kaufmann, T., Cole, J. H., Suri, S., Griffanti, L., Zsoldos, E., Filippini, N., Singh‐Manoux, A., Kivimäki, M., Westlye, L. T., et al. (2021) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25316 · Cited by 132
Han, L. K. M., Verhoeven, J. E., Tyrka, A. R., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Wolkowitz, O. M., Månsson, K. N. T., Lindqvist, D., Boks, M. P., Révész, D., Mellon, S. H., et al. (2019) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.004 · Cited by 104
“Higher physical activity levels are associated with lower brain age (Steffener et al., 2016), and “younger brains” are seen in those that learn to play an instrument (Rogenmoser et al.”
Longitudinal self-supervised learning
Zhao, Q., Liu, Z., Adeli, E., & Pohl, K. M. (2021) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2021.102051 · Cited by 71
Metadata
- Authors
- Steffener, J., Habeck, C., O'Shea, D., Razlighi, Q., Bherer, L., & Stern, Y.
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Aging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-04
- Volume
- 40
- Pages
- 138-144
- ISSN
- 0197-4580 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2255371896
- Cited by
- 235
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 15.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Differences between chronological and brain age are related to education and self-reported physical activity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.01.014
- The paper
- Steffener, J., Habeck, C., O'Shea, D., Razlighi, Q., Bherer, L., & Stern, Y. (2016). Differences between chronological and brain age are related to education and self-reported physical activity. Neurobiology of Aging. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.01.014
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.