Cited by 9,526Medical Image Segmentation TechniquesAdvanced Neuroimaging Techniques and ApplicationsFunctional Brain Connectivity Studies

FreeSurfer

Open access
Fischl, Bruce·2012·NeuroImage

Abstract

FreeSurfer is a suite of tools for the analysis of neuroimaging data that provides an array of algorithms to quantify the functional, connectional and structural properties of the human brain. It has evolved from a package primarily aimed at generating surface representations of the cerebral cortex into one that automatically creates models of most macroscopically visible structures in the human brain given any reasonable T1-weighted input image. It is freely available, runs on a wide variety of hardware and software platforms, and is open source.

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Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021

Cites

96 of 96 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The most popularly used cortical parcellation is the Freesurfer Desikan-Killiany cortical parcellation, while many other cortical parcellation schemes have also been widely used.

    “The most popularly used cortical parcellation is the Freesurfer Desikan-Killiany cortical parcellation (Desikan et al., 2006; Fischl, 2012), while many other cortical parcellation schemes have also been widely used (Destrieux et al., 2010; Shattuck et al., 2008; Tzourio-Mazoyer et al., 2002).”

    From Quantitative mapping of the brain’s structural connectivity using diffusion MRI tractography: A review (2022) · cites this paper as Fischl, 2012

    The Introduction (page not provided) identifies the Desikan et al. (2006) cortical parcellation as part of FreeSurfer, and the Contributors section says Desikan and Killiany developed it. Neither passage establishes that it is the most popularly used cortical parcellation. The later clause about other schemes is cited to other sources, not Fischl (2012). (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • All data sets were corrected for head motion, eddy currents and susceptibility distortions and are, in general, of very high quality.

    “All data sets were corrected for head motion, eddy currents and susceptibility distortions and are, in general, of very high quality69–73.”

    From Tractography-based connectomes are dominated by false-positive connections (2016) · cites this paper as [71]

    The FreeSurfer section on surface deformation and thickness estimation discusses cortical-surface modeling and how the method handles some MRI acquisition artifacts. It does not say that the citing paper’s data sets were corrected for head motion, eddy currents, or susceptibility distortions, or assess their overall quality (searched those correction terms). (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Surface-based registrations that take into account sulcal and gyral anatomy also help mitigate confounds from developmental changes.

    “Surface based registrations that take into account the sulcal and gyral anatomy also help mitigate these confounds, and may be the future direction of the field (Fischl, 2012; Van Essen, 2012).”

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Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Drury HA Van Essen DC Corbetta M Snyder AZ Toga A Surface-based analyses of the human cerebral cortex 1998 Brain Warping Academic Press
  2. Postelnicu G Zöllei L Fischl B Combined volumetric and surface registration IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 2009b 28 508 522 19273000 PMC2761957
  3. Yendiki A Stevens A Jbabdi S Augustinack J Salat D Zöllei L Behrens T Fischl B Probabilistic diffusion tractography with spatial priors MICCAI Workshop on Computational Diffusion MRI 2008 54 61
  4. Yendiki A Stevens A Jbabdi S Augustinack J Salat D Zöllei L Behrens T Fischl B Anatomical priors for global probabilistic diffusion tractography IEEE Intl Symp Biomedical Imaging 2009 Boston, MA 630 633

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Authors
Fischl, B.
Affiliations
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author
Fischl, Bruce
Venue
NeuroImage
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-08
Volume
62
Issue
2
Pages
774-781
ISSN
1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4241074797
Cited by
9,526
References
96
Citations by year
2026: 1247 · 2025: 1431 · 2024: 1203 · 2023: 1051 · 2022: 998 · 2021: 912 · 2020: 688 · 2019: 512 · 2018: 491 · 2017: 332 · 2016: 255 · 2015: 188 · 2014: 131 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 9
FWCI
17.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Center for Research Resources (P41-RR14075, BIRN002, U24 RR021382)
  • National Institute on Aging (AG022381)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (1S10RR023401, R01 NS052585-01, 1R01NS070963, 1S10RR023043, 1S10RR019307, 1R21NS072652-01)
  • Ellison Medical Foundation
  • National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01EB006758)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Medical Image Segmentation Techniques
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Keywords
FreeSurfer, neuroimaging data analysis, cortical surface reconstruction, T1-weighted imaging, brain connectivity, open source software
MeSH terms
Algorithms, Brain, Brain Mapping, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Software, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century

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