Physical activity predicts gray matter volume in late adulthood: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: Physical activity (PA) has been hypothesized to spare gray matter volume in late adulthood, but longitudinal data testing an association has been lacking. Here we tested whether PA would be associated with greater gray matter volume after a 9-year follow-up, a threshold could be identified for the amount of walking necessary to spare gray matter volume, and greater gray matter volume associated with PA would be associated with a reduced risk for cognitive impairment 13 years after the PA evaluation. METHODS: In 299 adults (mean age 78 years) from the Cardiovascular Health Cognition Study, we examined the association between gray matter volume, PA, and cognitive impairment. Physical activity was quantified as the number of blocks walked over 1 week. High-resolution brain scans were acquired 9 years after the PA assessment on cognitively normal adults. White matter hyperintensities, ventricular grade, and other health variables at baseline were used as covariates. Clinical adjudication for cognitive impairment occurred 13 years after baseline. RESULTS: Walking amounts ranged from 0 to 300 blocks (mean 56.3; SD 69.7). Greater PA predicted greater volumes of frontal, occipital, entorhinal, and hippocampal regions 9 years later. Walking 72 blocks was necessary to detect increased gray matter volume but walking more than 72 blocks did not spare additional volume. Greater gray matter volume with PA reduced the risk for cognitive impairment 2-fold. CONCLUSION: Greater amounts of walking are associated with greater gray matter volume, which is in turn associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment.
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In older adults, aerobic exercise was associated with improved performances in spatial memory tasks.
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Dr. Newman serves as an Associate Editor of the Journal of Gerontology Medical Sciences and receives research support from the NIH (R01-AG-029824 [PI], U01-AG-022376
- Dr. Gach receives re- search support from the US Department of Defense and the NIH (R01 AG20098 [co-I]). Dr. Thompson serves on editorial advisory boards for IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Human Brain Mapping, Medical Image Analysis, Cerebral Cortex, Current Medical Imaging Reviews, Inverse Problems and Imaging, and Translational Neuroscience; and receives re- search support from the NIH (R01 EB008432 [PI], NIBIB R01 EB008281
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- Authors
- Erickson, K. I., Raji, C. A., Lopez, O. L., Becker, J. T., Rosano, C., Newman, A. B., Gach, H. M., Thompson, P. M., Ho, A. J., & Kuller, L. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (US)
- From the Departments of Psychology (K.I.E., J.T.B.), Pathology (C.A.R.), Radiology (C.A.R., H.M.G.), Neurology (O.L.L., J.T.B.), and Epidemiology (C.R., A.B.N., L.H.K.), and Western Psychiatric Institute (J.T.B.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Nevada Cancer Institute (H.M.G.), University of Nevada, Las Vegas; and Department of Neurology (P.M.T., A.J.H.), University of California, Los Angeles.
- Venue
- Neurology
- Published
- 2010-10-19
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 1415-1422
- ISSN
- 0028-3878 (ISSN-L)
- 1526-632X
- PMC
- PMC3039208
- OpenAlex
- W2164037272
- Cited by
- 508
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 20.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Neurology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Heart Association (0815465D)
- University of Pittsburgh (P30-AG024827)
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc085082-026, n01hc085081-021, n01hc045133-001, n01hc085079-024, n01hc015103-009, n01hc085084-005, n01hc085085-011, n01hc085083-027, n01hc085080-026, n01hc085086-022, n01hc55222-0-0-0, n01hc075150-004, n01hc035129-010)
- National Institute on Aging (N01HC85079, N01 HC‐15103, AG 20098, AG-15928, P50AG005133, N01HC55222, N01‐HC‐35129, N01-HC-75150, R01AG020098, R01-AG-15928, R01 AG20098, AG023629, AG027058, HL080295, 024827, N01‐HC‐45133, N01‐HC‐85086, R01AG015928, R01AG027058, P30AG024827)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-85081, N01HC85085, AG-023629, N01HC-85083, AG-027058, N01HC15103, N01HC85082, N01HC‐75150, N01 HC85086, AG-20098, HL-075366, N01HC85080, N01 HC55222, R01HL075366, N01‐HC‐45133, U01HL080295, AG-15928, N01-HC-85079 through N01-HC-85086, HL080295, N01-HC85079, N01-HC85084, N01HC35129)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (AG023629, AG‐15928, AG‐027058, AG‐20098, N01-HC-75150, HL080295, N01-HC-35129, N01-HC-45133, N01-HC-85086, N01 HC-55222, N01HC85079, N01-HC-15103)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- physical activity, walking, gray matter volume, old age, cognitive impairment, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, brain aging, white matter hyperintensities, ventriculomegaly, threshold effects
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mental Status Schedule, Motor Activity, Neuropsychological Tests, Predictive Value of Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Odds Ratio
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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