The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Functional Network Organization of the Human Brain
Open accessAbstract
Real-world complex systems may be mathematically modeled as graphs, revealing properties of the system. Here we study graphs of functional brain organization in healthy adults using resting state functional connectivity MRI. We propose two novel brain-wide graphs, one of 264 putative functional areas, the other a modification of voxelwise networks that eliminates potentially artificial short-distance relationships. These graphs contain many subgraphs in good agreement with known functional brain systems. Other subgraphs lack established functional identities; we suggest possible functional characteristics for these subgraphs. Further, graph measures of the areal network indicate that the default mode subgraph shares network properties with sensory and motor subgraphs: it is internally integrated but isolated from other subgraphs, much like a "processing" system. The modified voxelwise graph also reveals spatial motifs in the patterning of systems across the cortex.
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“We acknowledge the challenges in experimentally realizing such mappings for the brain's neuronal networks (see, e.g., Power et al., 2011), and thus, our modeling remains far from experimental implementation.”
From Coupling quantum-like cognition with the neuronal networks within generalized probability theory (2025) · cites this paper as Power et al., 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“and is particularly important in the maintenance of task sets and error monitoring (Power et al, 2011).”
From Lisdexamfetamine Effects on Executive Activation and Neurochemistry in Menopausal Women with Executive Function Difficulties (2017) · cites this paper as Power et al, 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Although the topography of these distinct distributed networks has been described using multiple methods [e.g., 1-3], the reason for their particular spatial relationship and how this constrains their function remains unclear.”
From Situating the default-mode network along a principal gradient of macroscale cortical organization (2016) · cites this paper as [3]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Recent advances in the field of human connectomics have revealed multiple large-scale networks [e.g., 1-3], each characterized by distinct functional profiles [4].”
From Situating the default-mode network along a principal gradient of macroscale cortical organization (2016) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“RSNs have proven to be highly reproducible in the adult brain (Doucet et al., 2011; Gordon et al., 2016; Power et al., 2011; Yeo et al., 2011)”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Power et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“The adult brain has several modules at the coarsest level that are remarkably reproducible despite slight methodological differences across studies (Doucet et al., 2011; Gordon et al., 2016; Power et al., 2011; Yeo et al., 2011).”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Power et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“3) three large, distributed modules for task-positive cognition: a) dorsal attention, involved in eye movements and attentional orienting, b) the cingulo-opercular salience module, involved primarily in attentional maintenance, and c) the frontoparietal executive module, important for task-switching.”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Power et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“These modules include 1) segregated, non-distributed modules for sensory/motor activity, such as in early visual cortex and in somatomotor cortex, 2) the default-mode network (DMN), comprising the medial prefrontal, posterior cingulate/precuneus, angular gyrus, and medial temporal cortex”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Power et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“With age, regions gradually became more defined by their respective functional roles (Power et al., 2011; Power et al., 2010).”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Power et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“In childhood, regional assignments appeared to strongly depend on local anatomy.”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Power et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“regions or parcels that are overly large may encompass multiple distinct functional areas in ways that make community/network organization non-recognizable (Power et al., 2011).”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Power et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“with functional connectivity data some parcellation schemes can obscure known community structure.”
From Development of large-scale functional networks from birth to adulthood: A guide to the neuroimaging literature (2017) · cites this paper as Power et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“This fits with evidence for a major transition in functional connectivity that cuts across both V1 and V2 in their mid-eccentricity range (Yeo et al., 2011); it implies that network (parcel) boundaries defined by functional connectivity do not always respect classical areal boundaries”
From The WU-Minn Human Connectome Project: An overview (2013) · cites this paper as Power et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“These patterns were also detectable when using a brain functional network structure derived from a previously published independent fcMRI data set of typical adults (Power et al. 2011) (Supplementary Figs 1C and 3).”
From Joint attention and brain functional connectivity in infants and toddlers (2017) · cites this paper as Power et al. 2011
In the citing paper
“we observe that the module that we have referred to as the “parietal module” contains a large portion of higher-order association areas that were classified as part of the visual system in Power et al. (36) (i.e., 85% of nodes in our parietal module were assigned to Power et al.’s “visual module”)”
From Dynamic reconfiguration of frontal brain networks during executive cognition in humans (2015) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“The segregation of network modules observed in this data is much more pronounced than that observed in resting-state functional connectivity matrices (23, 36, 37).”
From Dynamic reconfiguration of frontal brain networks during executive cognition in humans (2015) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“The identified network modules map well to biologically meaningful systems of intrinsic connectivity (36) and specifically systems commonly engaged during working-memory performance (14, 38, 39)”
From Dynamic reconfiguration of frontal brain networks during executive cognition in humans (2015) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“The other 50 ROIs were not adopted here because they were labelled ‘Uncertain’ or ‘Subcortical’ and did not constitute specific cortical networks.”
From Brain network dynamics in high-functioning individuals with autism (2017) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“these three networks are considered to be responsible for the similar attention-related cognitive activity30.”
From Brain network dynamics in high-functioning individuals with autism (2017) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“The insula is part of the cinglo-opercular control network critical for cognitive control”
From Lisdexamfetamine Effects on Executive Activation and Neurochemistry in Menopausal Women with Executive Function Difficulties (2017) · cites this paper as Power et al, 2011
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Citations
Cites
Tzourio-Mazoyer, N., Landeau, B., Papathanassiou, D., Crivello, F., Etard, O., Delcroix, N., Mazoyer, B., & Joliot, M. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0978 · Cited by 16,319
Control of goal-directed and stimulus-driven attention in the brain
Corbetta, M., & Shulman, G. L. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn755 · Cited by 12,881
A default mode of brain function
Raichle, M. E., MacLeod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 · Cited by 12,190
Complex brain networks: graph theoretical analysis of structural and functional systems
Bullmore, E., & Sporns, O. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2575 · Cited by 11,820
Complex network measures of brain connectivity: Uses and interpretations
Rubinov, M., & Sporns, O. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003 · Cited by 11,522
Fortunato, S. (2010) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2009.11.002 · Cited by 11,293
Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo‐planar mri
Biswal, B., Zerrin Yetkin, F., Haughton, V. M., & Hyde, J. S. (1995) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910340409 · Cited by 9,812
The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity
Thomas Yeo, B. T., Krienen, F. M., Sepulcre, J., Sabuncu, M. R., Lashkari, D., Hollinshead, M., Roffman, J. L., Smoller, J. W., Zöllei, L., Polimeni, J. R., et al. (2011) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00338.2011 · Cited by 9,182
The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks
Fox, M. D., Snyder, A. Z., Vincent, J. L., Corbetta, M., Van Essen, D. C., & Raichle, M. E. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0504136102 · Cited by 8,553
The attention system of the human brain
Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. (1990) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.000325 · Cited by 8,070 · cited 1×
“Processing at the input and output stages is thought to be relatively modular (not strictly in the graph theoretic sense), whereas cognitive control mechanisms must flexibly adapt processing to awide range of task sets (Posner and Petersen, 1990).”
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Power, J. D., Barnes, K. A., Snyder, A. Z., Schlaggar, B. L., & Petersen, S. E. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.018 · Cited by 7,429
Self-citationThe organization of the human cerebellum estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity
Buckner, R. L., Krienen, F. M., Castellanos, A., Diaz, J. C., & Yeo, B. T. T. (2011) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00339.2011 · Cited by 7,304
The WU-Minn Human Connectome Project: An overview
Van Essen, D. C., Smith, S. M., Barch, D. M., Behrens, T. E. J., Yacoub, E., & Ugurbil, K. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.041 · Cited by 5,651
Methods to detect, characterize, and remove motion artifact in resting state fMRI
Power, J. D., Mitra, A., Laumann, T. O., Snyder, A. Z., Schlaggar, B. L., & Petersen, S. E. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.048 · Cited by 3,748
Self-citationLocal-global parcellation of the human cerebral cortex from intrinsic functional connectivity MRI
Schaefer, A., Kong, R., Gordon, E. M., Laumann, T. O., Zuo, X.-N., Holmes, A. J., Eickhoff, S. B., & Yeo, B. T. T. (2018) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx179 · Cited by 3,657
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Metadata
- Authors
- Power, J. D., Cohen, A. L., Nelson, S. M., Wig, G. S., Barnes, K. A., Church, J. A., Vogel, A. C., Laumann, T. O., Miezin, F. M., Schlaggar, B. L., & Petersen, S. E.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Power, Jonathan D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 665-678
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3222858
- OpenAlex
- W2089572795
- Cited by
- 4,124
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 220 · 2025: 309 · 2024: 320 · 2023: 326 · 2022: 364 · 2021: 409 · 2020: 428 · 2019: 389 · 2018: 342 · 2017: 294 · 2016: 244 · 2015: 205 · 2014: 122 · 2013: 106 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 44.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5u54mh091657-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (U54-MH091657)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (F30NS062489, R01NS32979, R01NS032979, R21NS061144)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD057076)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Complex Network Analysis Techniques
- Keywords
- functional brain networks, brain network organization, resting-state functional connectivity, brain graphs, functional brain areas, default mode network, network motifs, cortical organization
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Psychomotor Performance, Cohort Studies, Young Adult
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