Cited by 4,124Functional Brain Connectivity StudiesAdvanced Neuroimaging Techniques and ApplicationsComplex Network Analysis Techniques

Functional Network Organization of the Human Brain

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Power, Jonathan D., Cohen, Alexander L., Nelson, Steven M., Wig, Gagan S., Barnes, Kelly Anne, Church, Jessica A., Vogel, Alecia C., Laumann, Timothy O. +3 more·2011·Neuron

Abstract

Real-world complex systems may be mathematically modeled as graphs, revealing properties of the system. Here we study graphs of functional brain organization in healthy adults using resting state functional connectivity MRI. We propose two novel brain-wide graphs, one of 264 putative functional areas, the other a modification of voxelwise networks that eliminates potentially artificial short-distance relationships. These graphs contain many subgraphs in good agreement with known functional brain systems. Other subgraphs lack established functional identities; we suggest possible functional characteristics for these subgraphs. Further, graph measures of the areal network indicate that the default mode subgraph shares network properties with sensory and motor subgraphs: it is internally integrated but isolated from other subgraphs, much like a "processing" system. The modified voxelwise graph also reveals spatial motifs in the patterning of systems across the cortex.

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  • The modeling remains far from experimental implementation because of challenges in experimentally realizing mappings for the brain's neuronal networks.

    “We acknowledge the challenges in experimentally realizing such mappings for the brain's neuronal networks (see, e.g., Power et al., 2011), and thus, our modeling remains far from experimental implementation.”

    From Coupling quantum-like cognition with the neuronal networks within generalized probability theory (2025) · cites this paper as Power et al., 2011

    The Introduction (page unavailable) describes difficulty identifying the nodes of human functional brain networks, and the Discussion’s Limitations section details constraints on mapping functional areas with fMRI. These passages support the cited point that brain-network mapping is challenging, but they concern macroscopic functional networks, not experimental realization of mappings for neuronal networks. The statement that the citing authors’ own model remains far from implementation is their conclusion, not a finding attributed to Power et al. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Although the topography of distributed networks has been described, the reason for their particular spatial relationship and how this constrains their function remains unclear.

    “Although the topography of these distinct distributed networks has been described using multiple methods [e.g., 1-3], the reason for their particular spatial relationship and how this constrains their function remains unclear.”
  • Recent advances in human connectomics have revealed multiple large-scale networks, each characterized by distinct functional profiles.

    “Recent advances in the field of human connectomics have revealed multiple large-scale networks [e.g., 1-3], each characterized by distinct functional profiles [4].”
  • Resting-state networks are highly reproducible in the adult brain.

    “RSNs have proven to be highly reproducible in the adult brain (Doucet et al., 2011; Gordon et al., 2016; Power et al., 2011; Yeo et al., 2011)”
  • Adult brains show several coarse modules that remain highly consistent across studies despite small methodological variations.

    “The adult brain has several modules at the coarsest level that are remarkably reproducible despite slight methodological differences across studies (Doucet et al., 2011; Gordon et al., 2016; Power et al., 2011; Yeo et al., 2011).”

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Authors
Power, J. D., Cohen, A. L., Nelson, S. M., Wig, G. S., Barnes, K. A., Church, J. A., Vogel, A. C., Laumann, T. O., Miezin, F. M., Schlaggar, B. L., & Petersen, S. E.
Affiliations
Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Corresponding author
Power, Jonathan D.
Venue
Neuron
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-11
Volume
72
Issue
4
Pages
665-678
ISSN
0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2089572795
Cited by
4,124
References
76
Citations by year
2026: 220 · 2025: 309 · 2024: 320 · 2023: 326 · 2022: 364 · 2021: 409 · 2020: 428 · 2019: 389 · 2018: 342 · 2017: 294 · 2016: 244 · 2015: 205 · 2014: 122 · 2013: 106 · 2012: 43
FWCI
44.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Neuron (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5u54mh091657-05)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (U54-MH091657)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (F30NS062489, R01NS32979, R01NS032979, R21NS061144)
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD057076)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Complex Network Analysis Techniques
Keywords
functional brain networks, brain network organization, resting-state functional connectivity, brain graphs, functional brain areas, default mode network, network motifs, cortical organization
MeSH terms
Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Psychomotor Performance, Cohort Studies, Young Adult

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