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Stable Representations of Decision Variables for Flexible Behavior

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Bari, Bilal A., Grossman, Cooper D., Lubin, Emily E., Rajagopalan, Adithya E., Cressy, Jianna I., Cohen, Jeremiah Y.·2019·Neuron

DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.06.001PMC PMC7169950

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Abstract

Decisions occur in dynamic environments. In the framework of reinforcement learning, the probability of performing an action is influenced by decision variables. Discrepancies between predicted and obtained rewards (reward prediction errors) update these variables, but they are otherwise stable between decisions. Although reward prediction errors have been mapped to midbrain dopamine neurons, it is unclear how the brain represents decision variables themselves. We trained mice on a dynamic foraging task in which they chose between alternatives that delivered reward with changing probabilities. Neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex, including projections to the dorsomedial striatum, maintained persistent firing rate changes over long timescales. These changes stably represented relative action values (to bias choices) and total action values (to bias response times) with slow decay. In contrast, decision variables were weakly represented in the anterolateral motor cortex, a region necessary for generating choices. Thus, we define a stable neural mechanism to drive flexible behavior.

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Authors: Bari, B. A., Grossman, C. D., Lubin, E. E., Rajagopalan, A. E., Cressy, J. I., & Cohen, J. Y.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author: Cohen, Jeremiah Y.
ORCID: Bari, Bilal A.
Grossman, Cooper D.
Lubin, Emily E.
Rajagopalan, Adithya E.
Cressy, Jianna I.
Cohen, Jeremiah Y.
Venue: Neuron
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-09
Volume: 103
Issue: 5
Pages: 922-933.e7
ISSN: 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.06.001
PMC: PMC7169950
OpenAlex: W2953886068
Cited by: 173
References: 91
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 3
FWCI: 10.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 369 d)
Locations: Neuron (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Brain and Behavior Research Foundation
Esther A. and Joseph Klingenstein Fund
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Whitehall Foundation
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Keywords: decision variables, behavioral flexibility, reward prediction error, medial prefrontal cortex, dorsomedial striatum, choice bias, reaction time (psychology), dopamine, mice
MeSH terms: Animals, Appetitive Behavior, Decision Making, Motor Cortex, Neural Pathways, Neurons, Probability, Reinforcement, Psychology, Reward, Neostriatum, Prefrontal Cortex, Mice, Electrophysiological Phenomena

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Stable Representations of Decision Variables for Flexible Behavior

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