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Episodic memories
Abstract
An account of episodic memories is developed that focuses on the types of knowledge they represent, their properties, and the functions they might serve. It is proposed that episodic memories consist of episodic elements, summary records of experience often in the form of visual images, associated to a conceptual frame that provides a conceptual context. Episodic memories are embedded in a more complex conceptual system in which they can become the basis of autobiographical memories. However, the function of episodic memories is to keep a record of progress with short-term goals and access to most episodic memories is lost soon after their formation. Finally, it is suggested that developmentally episodic memories form the basis of the conceptual system and it is from sets of episodic memories that early non-verbal conceptual knowledge is abstracted.
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In the citing paper
“Furthermore, under conditions in which access to episodic memories is compromised, studies using SenseCam support the proposal that there is an alternative long-term store of consciously experienced visual memories (M. A. Conway, 2009).”
From Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. (2014) · cites this paper as M. A. Conway, 2009
In the citing paper
“Later versions of the theory proposed a separate memory system that retains detailed sensory and perceptual knowledge over relatively brief retention intervals measured in minutes and hours (M. A. Conway, 2001, 2005), but then suggested that its contents, although hard to access without the necessary retrieval cues, may be permanent (M. A. Conway, 2009).”
From Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. (2014) · cites this paper as M. A. Conway, 2009
In the citing paper
“Retrieval from this perceptual memory system is proposed to be involuntary rather than deliberate and corresponds to a recollective experience or reliving.”
From Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. (2014) · cites this paper as M. A. Conway, 2009
In the citing paper
“Episodic memory represents unique occurrences, located within a specific spatiotemporal framework, bearing emotional and self-referential connotations (Conway, 2009), and is typically imbued with autonoetic consciousness (Tulving, 1985;Irish et al., 2008).”
From Considering the role of semantic memory in episodic future thinking: evidence from semantic dementia (2012) · cites this paper as Conway, 2009
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Brewin, C. R., Gregory, J. D., Lipton, M., & Burgess, N. (2010) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0018113 · Cited by 1,226
“By contrast, observer memories would correspond to egocentric representations in the precuneus generated top-down from C-reps, in that they require generation of an image from a nonexperienced viewpoint and relate to older and more abstracted information (see also Conway, 2009).”
BackgroundLong-axis specialization of the human hippocampus
Poppenk, J., Evensmoen, H. R., Moscovitch, M., & Nadel, L. (2013) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.03.005 · Cited by 1,100
Episodic memory and beyond: the hippocampus and neocortex in transformation
Moscovitch, M., Cabeza, R., Winocur, G., & Nadel, L. (2016) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143733 · Cited by 1,062
Mind-wandering: Phenomenology and function as assessed with a novel experience sampling method
Stawarczyk, D., Majerus, S., Maj, M., der Linden, M. V., & D’Argembeau, A. (2011) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.01.002 · Cited by 544
Brewin, C. R. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0033722 · Cited by 492
“…that retains detailed sensory and perceptual knowledge over relatively brief retention intervals measured in minutes and hours (M. A. Conway, 2001, 2005), but then suggested that its contents, although hard to access without the necessary retrieval cues, may be permanent (M. A. Conway, 2009).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Conway, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Conway, Martin A.
- ORCID
- Conway, Martin A.
- Venue
- Neuropsychologia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2305-2313
- ISSN
- 0028-3932 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4248135386
- Cited by
- 519
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 10.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Economic and Social Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Keywords
- episodic memory, autobiographical memory, conceptual frames, visual imagery, memory function, short-term goals, memory retention, conceptual development
- MeSH terms
- Autobiographies as Topic, Humans, Memory, Models, Psychological
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