The DOI matches its Crossref record; the references it cites are not checked yet.
How many peripersonal spaces?
Open accessAbstract
Several studies in humans and non-human primates have explored and characterised the features of the cortical representation of the portion of space immediately surrounding the body – the peripersonal space. In this paper we ask the following question: is it legitimate to assume that there is a single representation of peripersonal space? This issue has rarely been addressed in the literature, leading to much confusion, especially when one compares results reported in social psychology and in cognitive neuroscience. Indeed, studies in both fields explore and refer to more or less the same portion of space, but the terminology used to describe it differs greatly. Therefore, the definition of this portion of space immediately surrounding the body has remained quite vague, allowing for many variations. Here, we propose a dual model of peripersonal space, based on a clear functional distinction between bodily protection and goal-directed action. We argue that the two functions of peripersonal space require distinct sensory and motor processes that obey different principles. Furthermore, we highlight that the effects of anxiety and tool use on peripersonal space provide empirical support to our distinction.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Both spatial representations depend on other individuals and their interaction with the environment, to manipulate it or protect from it.
“both spatial representations depend on other individuals and their interaction with the environment, to manipulate it or protect from it”
From The Peripersonal Space in a social world (2021) · cites this paper as de Vignemont & Iannetti, 2015
Citations
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 79 · Cited by 238
Research works printed but not linked: 55
- Anderson, 2007, Evolution of cognitive function via redeployment of brain areas, Neuroscientist, 13, 13, 10.1177/1073858406294706 · DOI
- Anderson, 2010, Neural reuse: a fundamental organizational principle of the brain, Behav. Brain Sci., 33, 245, 10.1017/S0140525X10000853 · DOI · Paper page
- Anelli, 2013, Perceiving object dangerousness: an escape from pain?, Exp. Brain Res., 228, 457, 10.1007/s00221-013-3577-2 · DOI
- Avenanti, 2012, Suppression of premotor cortex disrupts motor coding of peripersonal space, NeuroImage, 63, 281, 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.063 · DOI
- Berti, 2000, When far becomes near: remapping of space by tool use, J. Cogn. Neurosci., 12, 415, 10.1162/089892900562237 · DOI
- Bonnet, 2010, The effects of the proximity of an object on human stance, Gait Posture, 32, 124, 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.04.005 · DOI
- Brain, 1941, A form of visual disorientation resulting from lesions of the right cerebral hemisphere, Proc. R. Soc. Med., 34, 771
- Brady, 1978, Interpersonal distance as a function of situationally induced anxiety, Br. J. Soc. Clin. Psychol., 17, 127, 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1978.tb00254.x · DOI
- Brozzoli, C., Makin, T.R., Cardinali, L., Holmes, N.P., Farne, A., 2012. Peripersonal space: a multisensory interface for body–object interactions. In: Murray, M.M., Wallace, M.T. (Eds.), The Neural Bases of Multisensory Processes, CRC press, Boca Raton (FL). · DOI
- Cantello, 2000, Effects of a photic input on the human cortico-motoneuron connection, Clin. Neurophysiol., 111, 1981, 10.1016/S1388-2457(00)00431-4 · DOI
- Cardinali, 2009, Peripersonal space and body schema: two labels for the same concept?, Brain Topogr., 21, 252, 10.1007/s10548-009-0092-7 · DOI · Paper page
- Chao, 2000, Representation of manipulable man-made objects in the dorsal stream, NeuroImage, 12, 478, 10.1006/nimg.2000.0635 · DOI
- Coello, 2012, Embodied perception of reachable space: how do we manage threatening objects?, Cogn. Process., 13, S131, 10.1007/s10339-012-0470-z · DOI
- Costantini, 2010, Where does an object trigger an action? An investigation about affordances in space, Exp. Brain Res., 207, 95, 10.1007/s00221-010-2435-8 · DOI
- Cruccu, 2000, The clinical use of brainstem reflexes and hand-muscle reflexes, Clin. Neurophysiol., 111, 371, 10.1016/S1388-2457(99)00291-6 · DOI
- de Vignemont, 2010, Body schema and body image – pros and cons, Neuropsychologia, 48, 669, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.022 · DOI
- Dehaene, 2007, Cultural recycling of cortical maps, Neuron, 56, 384, 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.004 · DOI
- Dijkerman, 2007, Somatosensory processes subserving perception and action, Behav. Brain Sci, 30, 189, 10.1017/S0140525X07001392 · DOI
- Dong, 1994, Somatosensory, multisensory, and task-related neurons in cortical area 7b (PF) of unanesthetized monkeys, J. Neurophysiol, 72, 542, 10.1152/jn.1994.72.2.542 · DOI
- Dosey, 1969, Personal space and self-protection, J. Personal. Soc. Psychol., 11, 93, 10.1037/h0027040 · DOI
- Evans, 1973, Personal space, Psychol. Bull., 80, 334, 10.1037/h0034946 · DOI
- Farne, 2007, Dynamic size-change of peri-hand space following tool-use: determinants and spatial characteristics revealed through cross-modal extinction, Cortex, 43, 436, 10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70468-4 · DOI
- Furubayashi, 2000, The human hand motor area is transiently suppressed by an unexpected auditory stimulus, Clin. Neurophysiol., 111, 178, 10.1016/S1388-2457(99)00200-X · DOI
- Grafton, 1997, Premotor cortex activation during observation and naming of familiar tools, NeuroImage, 6, 231, 10.1006/nimg.1997.0293 · DOI
- Graydon, 2012, Scared stiff: the influence of anxiety on the perception of action capabilities, Cognit. Emot., 26, 1301, 10.1080/02699931.2012.667391 · DOI
- Graziano, 2006, Parieto-frontal interactions, personal space, and defensive behavior, Neuropsychologia, 44, 2621, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.09.011 · DOI
- Hayduk, 1983, Personal space: where we now stand, Psychological Bulletin, 94, 293, 10.1037/0033-2909.94.2.293 · DOI · Paper page
- Holmes, 2007, Tool use changes multisensory interactions in seconds: evidence from the crossmodal congruency task, Exp. Brain Res., 183, 465, 10.1007/s00221-007-1060-7 · DOI
- Holmes, 2012, Does tool use extend peripersonal space? A review and re-analysis, Exp. Brain Res., 218, 273, 10.1007/s00221-012-3042-7 · DOI
- Hyvarinen, 1974, Function of the parietal associative area 7 as revealed from cellular discharges in alert monkeys, Brain, 97, 673, 10.1093/brain/97.1.673 · DOI
- Iannetti, 2010, From the neuromatrix to the pain matrix (and back), Exp. Brain Res., 205, 1, 10.1007/s00221-010-2340-1 · DOI · Paper page
- Jeannerod, 1995, Grasping objects: the cortical mechanisms of visuomotor transformation, Trends Neurosci., 18, 314, 10.1016/0166-2236(95)93921-J · DOI · Paper page
- Jungé, 2010, Multi-use and constraints from original use, Behav. Brain Sci., 33, 4, 10.1017/S0140525X1000124X · DOI
- Liang, 2013, Bypassing primary sensory cortices – a direct thalamocortical pathway for transmitting salient sensory information, Cereb. Cortex, 23, 1, 10.1093/cercor/bhr363 · DOI
- Longo, 2006, On the nature of near space: effects of tool use and the transition to far space, Neuropsychologia, 44, 977, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.09.003 · DOI
- Lourenco, 2009, The plasticity of near space: evidence for contraction, Cognition, 112, 451, 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.05.011 · DOI
- Lourenco, 2011, Near space and its relation to claustrophobic fear, Cognition, 119, 448, 10.1016/j.cognition.2011.02.009 · DOI · Paper page
- Makin, 2009, Coding of visual space during motor preparation: approaching objects rapidly modulate corticospinal excitability in hand-centered coordinates, J. Neurosci., 29, 11841, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2955-09.2009 · DOI
- Maravita, 2002, Active tool use with the contralesional hand can reduce cross-modal extinction of touch on that hand, Neurocase, 8, 411, 10.1093/neucas/8.6.411 · DOI
- Miwa, 1998, Somatosensory-evoked blink response: investigation of the physiological mechanisms, Brain, 121, 281, 10.1093/brain/121.2.281 · DOI
- Nieuwenhuys, 2008, The influence of anxiety on visual attention in climbing, J. Sport Exerc. Psychol., 30, 171, 10.1123/jsep.30.2.171 · DOI
- Park, 2013, To the end! Distribution of attention along a tool in peri- and extrapersonal space, Exp. Brain Res., 227, 423, 10.1007/s00221-013-3439-y · DOI
- Poliakoff, 2007, The effect of visual threat on spatial attention to touch, Cognition, 102, 405, 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.01.006 · DOI
- Povinelli, 2010, Chimpanzees' context-dependent tool use provides evidence for separable representations of hand and tool even during active use within peripersonal space, Neuropsychologia, 48, 243, 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.010 · DOI
- Rizzolatti, 1997, The space around us, Science, 277, 190, 10.1126/science.277.5323.190 · DOI · Paper page
- Rizzolatti, 1981, Afferent properties of periarcuate neurons in macaque monkeys. II. Visual responses, Behav. Brain Res., 2, 147, 10.1016/0166-4328(81)90053-X · DOI
- Ronga, 2013, Novelty is not enough: laser-evoked potentials are determined by stimulus saliency, not absolute novelty, J. Neurophysiol, 109, 692, 10.1152/jn.00464.2012 · DOI
- Sambo, 2012, To blink or not to blink: fine cognitive tuning of the defensive peripersonal space, J. Neurosci, 32, 12921, 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0607-12.2012 · DOI
- Sandrini, 2005, The lower limb flexion reflex in humans, Prog. Neurobiol., 77, 353, 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.11.003 · DOI
- Schwoebel, 2005, Evidence for multiple, distinct representations of the human body, J. Cogn. Neurosci., 17, 543, 10.1162/0898929053467587 · DOI
- Serino, 2007, Extended multisensory space in blind cane users, Psychol. Sci., 18, 642, 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01952.x · DOI · Paper page
- Tsai, 2011, On the inclusion of externally controlled actions in action planning, J. Exp. Psychol., 37, 1407
- Vuilleumier, 2001, Beware and be aware: capture of spatial attention by fear-related stimuli in neglect, NeuroReport, 12, 1119, 10.1097/00001756-200105080-00014 · DOI
- Warren, 1987, Visual guidance of walking through apertures: body-scaled information for affordances, J. Exp. Psychol.: Hum. Percept. Perform., 13, 371
- Willer, 1979, Supraspinal influences on nociceptive flexion reflex and pain sensation in man, Brain Res., 179, 61, 10.1016/0006-8993(79)90489-X · DOI
Metadata
- Authors
- de Vignemont, F., & Iannetti, G. D.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- de Vignemont, F.
- Venue
- Neuropsychologia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-04
- Volume
- 70
- Pages
- 327-334
- ISSN
- 0028-3932 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2019115720
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10
- FWCI
- 1.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hal.science
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- The Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- peripersonal space, goal-directed action, social cognition, cognitive neuroscience, anxiety, tool use, body schema, spatial representation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Models, Psychological, Personal Space, Psychomotor Performance, Sensation, Space Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review