Cited by 845Physical Activity and HealthNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesCardiovascular and exercise physiology

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The effect of acute treadmill walking on cognitive control and academic achievement in preadolescent children

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Hillman, C.H., Pontifex, M.B., Raine, L.B., Castelli, D.M., Hall, E.E., Kramer, A.F.·2009·Neuroscience

DOI 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.01.057PMC PMC2667807

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Abstract

The effect of an acute bout of moderate treadmill walking on behavioral and neuroelectric indexes of the cognitive control of attention and applied aspects of cognition involved in school-based academic performance were assessed. A within-subjects design included 20 preadolescent participants (age=9.5+/-0.5 years; eight female) to assess exercise-induced changes in performance during a modified flanker task and the Wide Range Achievement Test 3. The resting session consisted of cognitive testing followed by a cardiorespiratory fitness assessment to determine aerobic fitness. The exercise session consisted of 20 min of walking on a motor-driven treadmill at 60% of estimated maximum heart rate followed by cognitive testing once heart rate returned to within 10% of pre-exercise levels. Results indicated an improvement in response accuracy, larger P3 amplitude, and better performance on the academic achievement test following aerobic exercise relative to the resting session. Collectively, these findings indicate that single, acute bouts of moderately-intense aerobic exercise (i.e. walking) may improve the cognitive control of attention in preadolescent children, and further support the use of moderate acute exercise as a contributing factor for increasing attention and academic performance. These data suggest that single bouts of exercise affect specific underlying processes that support cognitive health and may be necessary for effective functioning across the lifespan.

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Authors: Hillman, C. H., Pontifex, M. B., Raine, L. B., Castelli, D. M., Hall, E. E., & Kramer, A. F.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
Elon University (US)
Corresponding author: Hillman, C.H.
ORCID: Hillman, C.H.
Pontifex, M.B.
Raine, L.B.
Castelli, D.M.
Hall, E.E.
Kramer, A.F.
Venue: Neuroscience
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-03
Volume: 159
Issue: 3
Pages: 1044-1054
ISSN: 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.01.057
PMC: PMC2667807
OpenAlex: W2171211600
Cited by: 845
References: 83
Citations by year: 2026: 33 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 53 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 47
FWCI: 20.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (R01 AG 25667, R01AG025032, R01 AG25302, R01AG025667, R01AG025302, R37AG025667)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD055352, R01 HD060385, R01HD069381)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords: acute aerobic exercise, treadmill walking, cognitive control, attention, academic performance, preadolescents, P300 amplitude, flanker task, Wide Range Achievement Test, exercise and cognition, cardiorespiratory fitness
MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance, Attention, Brain, Child, Cognition, Electroencephalography, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Reaction Time, Time Factors, Exercise, Walking, Event-Related Potentials, P300

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The effect of acute treadmill walking on cognitive control and academic achievement in preadolescent children

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