The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Working memory, psychiatric symptoms, and academic performance at school
Abstract
Previous studies of the relationship among working memory function, academic performance, and behavior in children have focused mainly on clinical populations. In the present study, the associations of the performance in audio- and visuospatial working memory tasks to teacher reported academic achievement and psychiatric symptoms were evaluated in a sample of fifty-five 6-13-year-old school children. Working memory function was measured by visual and auditory n-back tasks. Information on incorrect responses, reaction times, and multiple and missed responses were collected during the tasks. The children's academic performance and behavioral and emotional status were evaluated by the Teacher Report Form. The results showed that good spatial working memory performance was associated with academic success at school. Children with low working memory performance, especially audiospatial memory, were reported to have more academic and attentional/behavioral difficulties at school than children with good working memory performance. An increased number of multiple and missed responses in the auditory and visual tasks was associated with teacher reported attentional/behavioral problems and in visual tasks with teacher reported anxiety/depressive symptoms. The results suggest that working memory deficits may underlie some learning difficulties and behavioral problems related to impulsivity, difficulties in concentration, and hyperactivity. On the other hand, it is possible that anxiety/depressive symptoms affect working memory function, as well as the ability to concentrate, leading to a lower level of academic performance at school.
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“Lack of emotional distress,14 vigorous physical activity and good physical fitness,12, 15, 16 low aggression,17 and balanced nutrition18, 19 are health assets positively associated with academic achievement.”
From Health and School Outcomes During Children's Transition Into Adolescence (2013) · cites this paper as [14]
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The impact of subtle contextual information on remembering to complete academic goals
Nuno, C., Christopher, E. A., & Shelton, J. T. (2024) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/17470218241270264
“…relative importance of WM for academic performance and found that lower WM performance was associated with more academic and attentional difficulties in school (Aronen et al., 2005), and WM capacity was found to be more predictive of academic success later in life than IQ (Alloway & Alloway, 2010).”
Soltani, A., Fidler, D. J., Patel, L., Voth, K., & Esbensen, A. J. (2025) · American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1352/1944-7558-130.2.146
González, A., de la Fuente‐Mella, H., Parra, S., Cancino-Haas, F., Coiro-Nicolas, C., Godoy-Saavedra, J., Pastén-Torres, M., Verdejo-Zamora, E., Dotte-González, A., Salinas, P., et al. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15105474
Machine learning based prediction of high school student mental healthPreprint
Lo, W., Lu, S., Korkin, D., Rodriguez, A. C. I., Kelly, L. M., King, J. A., & Nephew, B. C. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.08.07.25333218
“The relationship between anxiety and academic performance has been explored (Aronen et al., 2005; Christensen, 1979; Keogh et al., 2004) and both trait and state-anxiety lead to academic performance deficits, mediated through working memory (WM) inhibition (Maloney et al., 2014).”
Coffee versus cardio: Can exercise offer the same mental boost as caffeine?
Morava, A., & Fagan, M. J. (2020) · doi:10.64628/aam.rrmd9shem
Working Memory Skills in the Preschool Period
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Disrupted Structural Covariance in Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder
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Oscillatory alpha and aperiodic neural correlates of visual working memory and attention
Erickson, M. A., & Li, C. (2026) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhag033
“Visual working memory (WM) is a cognitive domain that i s associated with intellectual functioning (Engle et al. 1999; Cowan et al. 2005; Fukuda et al. 2010) and academic achievement (Aronen et al. 2005).”
Karunaratna, S., Vargas-Díaz, D., Kim, J., Wang, J. J., Lee, S. W., & Choi, K. (2026) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3772318.3791550
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Psychische Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in der Klimakrise
Peter, F., Dohm, L., & Weimann, E. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-71302-0_5
Gurteen, H., Edwards, E. J., & Wilson, W. J. (2026) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1080/14992027.2026.2675569 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Aronen, E. T., Vuontela, V., Steenari, M.-R., Salmi, J., & Carlson, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Aronen, E.T.
- Venue
- Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-01
- Volume
- 83
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 33-42
- ISSN
- 1074-7427 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2172201961
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 4.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Signe ja Ane Gyllenbergin Säätiö
- Lastentautien Tutkimussäätiö
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Keywords
- working memory, academic performance, psychiatric symptoms, elementary school students, visuospatial working memory, n-back task, attention deficits, hyperactivity, impulsivity, anxiety, depressive symptoms, learning difficulties, teacher-reported behavior
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Attention, Auditory Perception, Mental Disorders, Behavioral Symptoms, Brain, Child, Educational Measurement, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Memory, Short-Term, Reaction Time, Reference Values, Space Perception, Visual Perception
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